Alternative diets for the Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei |
| |
| Institution: | 1. Neuroscience Institute and Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA;2. Integrated Aquaculture International, St. Louis, MO, USA;1. Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai 90112, Thailand;2. Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, 1-1-1 Tsushima-Naka, Kita-Ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan;1. Aquaculture Laboratory (LAM), University of São Paulo, Oceanographic Institute, São Paulo, Ubatuba, Brazil;2. Aquatic Animal Nutrition Laboratory, Unidade de Ciências Agrárias, Escola Agrícola de Jundiaí (EAJ), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Brazil;3. Aquatic Farms Ltd., Hawaii, USA;1. Novus International Inc., 20 Research Park Drive, St. Charles, MO 63304, USA;2. Texas AgriLife Research Mariculture Laboratory, Texas A&M University System, Port Aransas, TX 78373, USA |
| |
| Abstract: | Future use of animal protein sources in shrimp feeds is expected to be considerably reduced as a consequence of increasing economical, environmental and safety issues. Of main concern has been the use of expensive marine protein sources, such as fish meal. Hence, shrimp research has recently focused on the development of practical feeds with minimal levels of fish meal and alternative, lower cost protein sources. To determine shrimp capacity to use practical feeds with plant proteins as replacement ingredients to animal protein sources, an 81-day growth trial was conducted in an outdoor tanks system, using juvenile (0.74 g) Litopenaeus vannamei. Experimental treatments included four diets with varying levels of fish meal in the diet (9, 6, 3 and 0%) in combination with 16% poultry by-product meal, a plant based feed containing 1% squid meal, and a commercial reference feed. Feeds were commercially extruded and offered as sinking pellets designed to contain 35% crude protein and 8% lipids. Mean final weight, percent weight gain, final net yield, feed conversion ratio and survival were evaluated. Final values for these parameters ranged from 17.4 to 19.5 g, 2249–2465%, 564.4–639.0 g m? 3, 1.07–1.20 and 83.3–89.2%, respectively. Evaluation of production parameters at the end of the study demonstrated no significant differences (P ≥ 0.05) among any of the experimental treatments. These results indicate that fish meal can be replaced with plant protein sources in diets including 16% poultry by-product meal without affecting shrimp growth and production. In addition, results demonstrate that good performance can obtained by shrimp fed a plant protein based feed (solvent extracted soybean meal, corn gluten meal and corn fermented solubles) in combination with 1% squid meal. Although results with the primarily plant based diet are encouraging, further evaluations are recommended to allow the removal of the remaining marine ingredients. |
| |
| Keywords: | |
| 本文献已被 ScienceDirect 等数据库收录！ |
|
