| 中国岩溶地区农业持续发展战略问题与对策研究 |
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| 作者单位： | 中国工程院中国岩溶地区农业持续发展战略研究组 |
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| 摘 要： | 我国岩溶地区存在许多发展经济的困难 ,如水土流失严重 ,石漠化加剧 ;人口过度增长 ,贫困面大 ;农耕土地质量差 ,农业生产水平低 ;半年干旱 ,地表水缺乏 ;地方交通不便 ,商品经济发展滞后 ;教育文化落后 ,科技普及困难等。同时也存在巨大潜力 ,如水热资源、生物资源、能源、矿产资源丰富 ,旅游资源独具特色 ,以及地缘优势。在制订农业发展战略目标时 ,应坚持以下原则 :可持续发展的大农业原则 ;以生态经济区域为依据、分类指导的原则 ;占有市场一定份额的大产业原则 ;国内和国际大交换原则 ;提高全民素质的大科技原则。为中国岩溶地区农业持续发展提出 5项重大建议 :加大对岩溶地区扶贫攻坚的支持力度 ,分类指导 ,着力解决特困地区、特困乡村和特困农户的脱贫问题 ;建立以林为主的生态恢复与重建示范工程 ;建立以草地畜牧业为主的资源开发利用产业化示范工程 ;适当加大政策倾斜力度 ,支持岩溶山区支柱产业发展和基础设施建设 ;将“岩溶地区农业持续发展的战略问题与对策研究”列入国家重点攻关研究项目和国家级农业发展综合示范工程项目 ,组织协同攻关
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| 关 键 词： | 持续发展 大农业 生态经济区 生态恢复与重建 |
Strategy and tactics for solution of sustainable agricultural development problem in karst regions of China |
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| Authors: | Research Group of Sustainable Agricultural Development in Karst Regions of China Chinese Academy of Engineering |
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| Abstract: | Although the karst regions in China are faced with many difficulties in the development of the local economy, such as serious water and soil erosion, excessive population growth, low quality of farm lands, lack of water sources, backwardness in rural infrastructures and education, etc., they possess great potential in certain aspects, including the climatic, biological, energy, mineral and tourism resources and the comparative advantages of border trade and exchanges with neighbouring foreign countries. In determining the strategic objectives of local agricultural development, considering the given conditions, the following principles should be followed, these are:1) sustainability of intended development, 2) specific regional programming based on ecological and economic conditions, 3) market orientation, 4) promotion of domestic and international trade, 5) strengthened basic education and technical extension. Based on above considerations, 5 approaches to achieve the objective of sustainable development are suggested as 1) strengthening the existing poverty alleviation programmes, 2) establishing demonstration areas of ecological rehabilitation projects focused on tree planting, 3) establishing demonstration areas of grassland animal husbandry, 4) making specific policies to support the key industries and infrastructure development in the karst regions and 5) including the issue of sustainable agricultural development in the karst regions into the list of prioritised research topics at the national level. |
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| Keywords: | sustainable development great agriculture ecological economic region ecological rehabilitation |
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