| 刷辊式采棉机的改进设计与试验 |
| |
| 引用本文： | 黄铭森,石磊,张玉同,陈长林,孙勇飞,谢庆,孔凡婷,吴崇友.刷辊式采棉机的改进设计与试验[J].农业工程学报,2017,33(20):41-47. |
| |
| 作者姓名： | 黄铭森 石磊 张玉同 陈长林 孙勇飞 谢庆 孔凡婷 吴崇友 |
| |
| 作者单位： | 农业部南京农业机械化研究所,农业部现代农业装备重点实验室,南京 210014 |
| |
| 基金项目： | 经济作物农机农艺关键技术集成研究与示范（2013BAD08B02）；中国农业科学院创新工程-茎秆类收获机械；11部1639-24 |
| |
| 摘 要： | 为提高刷辊式采棉机作业质量,满足轧花厂对统收式采棉机采获籽棉的进厂要求,该文在已有4MZ-3B型刷辊式采棉机工作时存在问题基础上优化刷辊工作参数并增加与刷辊配套使用的回流结构提升了采净率,降低了落地损失率、挂枝棉率、漏采率;改进挑棉辊形式,避免该部件因缠绕造成棉桃分离气力输送管道入口堵塞的现象,降低整机故障率;将棉桃分离气力输棉管道由气吹式改进为气吸式,提高棉桃回收率;将气棉分离装置由网孔式改进为切线导流式,解决了棉桃分离气力输棉管道与机载预处理装置过渡问题,在排出气流的同时保证物料运动顺畅;将机载预处理装置由"一清一回收"式改进为"一清二回收"式,降低籽棉含杂率及清杂损失率。设计改进及优化后形成4MZ-3C型刷辊式采棉机,并进行对比试验。与4MZ-3B型刷辊式采棉机相比,采净率提高了3.42%、落地损失率降低了0.85%、挂枝棉率降低了0.89%、漏采率降低了1.05%、棉桃回收率提升了74.57%、清杂损失率降低了0.63%、籽棉含杂率降低了3.71%。将4MZ-3C型刷辊式采棉机各项指标均优于采棉机作业标准,在获取高采净率的同时,保证籽棉的低含杂率,可充分满足中国棉花生产机械化需求。
|
| 关 键 词： | 机械化 优化 设计 刷辊式采棉机 籽棉 |
| 收稿时间： | 2017/5/12 0:00:00 |
| 修稿时间： | 2017/8/12 0:00:00 |
Revised design and experiments on brush-rolling cotton harvester |
| |
| Huang Mingsen,Shi Lei,Zhang Yutong,Chen Changlin,Sun Yongfei,Xie Qing,Kong Fanting and Wu Chongyou.Revised design and experiments on brush-rolling cotton harvester[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2017,33(20):41-47. |
| |
| Authors: | Huang Mingsen Shi Lei Zhang Yutong Chen Changlin Sun Yongfei Xie Qing Kong Fanting and Wu Chongyou |
| |
| Institution: | Nanjing Research Institute for Agricultural Mechanization, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Equipment, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210014, China,Nanjing Research Institute for Agricultural Mechanization, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Equipment, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210014, China,Nanjing Research Institute for Agricultural Mechanization, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Equipment, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210014, China,Nanjing Research Institute for Agricultural Mechanization, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Equipment, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210014, China,Nanjing Research Institute for Agricultural Mechanization, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Equipment, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210014, China,Nanjing Research Institute for Agricultural Mechanization, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Equipment, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210014, China,Nanjing Research Institute for Agricultural Mechanization, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Equipment, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210014, China and Nanjing Research Institute for Agricultural Mechanization, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Modern Agricultural Equipment, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210014, China |
| |
| Abstract: | Abstract: To improve the working quality of the roller stripping-type cotton harvester and to meet the requirement of the ginnery of the seed cotton picked by stripping-type cotton harvester, the article optimized the working parameters of the brush roller and added the recycling structure matched with the brush roller, based on the problem in the trials of the 4MZ-3B stripping-type cotton harvester. Also, the improvements included the structure of the cotton pushing roller, the cotton-boll separating and cotton conveying pipe, the airflow-cotton separating apparatus and the machine-mounted pretreating apparatus. Based on these the new 4MZ-3C roller stripping-type cotton harvester was formed and the comparative trials were conducted in Anyang, Henan. Compared with 4MZ-3B roller stripping-type cotton harvester, the 4MZ-3C type raised the picking rate and the recycling rate of cotton boll by 3.42% and 74.57%, respectively, and lowered the loss rate from falling of cotton, the rate of hanging cotton, the missing rate of cotton, the loss rate from cleaning impurities, and the impurity rate by 0.85%, 0.89%, 1.05%, 0.63% and 3.71%, respectively. The optimization of the working parameter, which was mainly the revolution speed of the brush roller, and the installation of the recycling structure directly optimized the picking rate and lowered the loss rate from falling of cotton, the rate of hanging cotton, and the missing rate of cotton, due to the enhancement of the picking ability and the efficient recycling mechanism. By reducing the contact area of the roller at the radial direction, the modified cotton pushing roller could avoid the blocking of the inlet of the air conveying pipe for cotton boll separation, which was caused by vine plants collected in the field twining with the roller, reducing the chance of the machine halt. The improvement of the cotton-boll separating and cotton conveying pipe from air-blowing type to air-suction type could form an appropriate negative pressure area at the inlet of the pipe to pull seed cotton and separate cotton-boll form it, and effectively increase the recycling rate of cotton boll and avoid cotton bolls to enter the machine-mounted pretreating apparatus, which would cause adverse influence on cleaning performance and the rank of seed cotton. The improvement of the airflow-cotton separating apparatus from mesh box type to tangent-guided type could perfectly separate air flow from seed cotton, and make sure that seed cotton could enter the cotton cleaner mounted on machine smoothly and with little airflow, and at the same time, solve the problem of transition between the air conveying pipe for cotton boll separation and the cotton cleaner mounted on machine. The machine-mounted pretreating apparatus was modified as one-cleaning and two-recycling type from one-cleaning and one-recycling type, the new type had 3 cleaning units, and a new configuration of them was made to make the best use of its cleaning ability to reduce the impurity rate and the loss rate of cleaning. China had a planting area of 3 796 690 hm2 in 2015, while the mechanized harvesting area was only 704 620 hm2, accounting for 18.56%, which urgently needs change. The new 4MZ-3C roller stripping-type cotton harvester has the advantage such as low price, friendly maintainability and wide adaptability, and every index of it is better than the operation standard of cotton harvester, which can perfectly meet the requirement of cotton harvesting mechanization. |
| |
| Keywords: | mechanization optimization design brush-rolling cotton harvester seed cotton |
| 本文献已被 CNKI 万方数据 等数据库收录！ |
| 点击此处可从《农业工程学报》浏览原始摘要信息 |
| 点击此处可从《农业工程学报》下载免费的PDF全文 |
|
