| 连续夹持输送式苎麻剥麻机研制 |
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| 引用本文： | 向伟,马兰,刘佳杰,颜波,邱化蛟,吕江南.连续夹持输送式苎麻剥麻机研制[J].农业工程学报,2021,37(1):19-27. |
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| 作者姓名： | 向伟 马兰 刘佳杰 颜波 邱化蛟 吕江南 |
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| 作者单位： | 中国农业科学院麻类研究所，长沙 410205 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家麻类产业技术体系项目（CARS-16-E21）；中国农业科学院科技创新工程（CAAS-ASTIP-2017-IBFC06）；湖南省重点研发计划项目（2018NK2065）；湖南省自然科学基金面上项目（2019JJ40333） |
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| 摘 要： | 针对苎麻剥麻劳动强度大、作业工效低等问题,该研究基于横向喂入式剥麻技术的作业特点,结合苎麻剥麻的工艺要求,设计了一种连续夹持输送式苎麻剥麻机。通过对剥麻装置、夹持输送装置和换端夹持装置等关键部件的结构设计和理论分析,确定影响剥麻质量的关键因素及作业参数范围。以剥麻间隙、滚筒转速和输送速度作为影响因素,建立苎麻剥麻的鲜茎出麻率和原麻含杂率的数学模型,结合Box-Behnken试验方案进行多目标优化试验,寻求装置作业参数对苎麻剥麻的影响规律及最优参数组合。试验结果表明:滚筒转速、剥麻间隙和输送速度对鲜茎出麻率和原麻含杂率均具有极显著影响。通过多目标参数优化分析,确定最优作业参数组合:剥麻间隙4.0 mm、滚筒转速330 r/min和输送速度0.36 m/s。基于优化参数进行苎麻剥麻的生产验证试验,结果显示:鲜茎出麻率5.04%、原麻含杂率1.18%,各指标与模型预测值的相对误差均小于5%,验证了预测模型的准确性;整机生产效率142 kg/h,达到设计指标要求;苎麻纤维的含胶率22.85%,束纤维断裂强度4.56 CN/dtex,达到《苎麻》国家标准二等苎麻纤维等别。
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| 关 键 词： | 剥麻机 苎麻 纤维 夹持输送 鲜茎出麻率 原麻含杂率 |
| 收稿时间： | 2020/10/28 0:00:00 |
| 修稿时间： | 2020/12/18 0:00:00 |
Research and development of continuous clamping and delivering ramie decorticator |
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| Xiang Wei,Ma Lan,Liu Jiajie,Yan Bo,Qiu Huajiao,Lyu Jiangnan.Research and development of continuous clamping and delivering ramie decorticator[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2021,37(1):19-27. |
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| Authors: | Xiang Wei Ma Lan Liu Jiajie Yan Bo Qiu Huajiao Lyu Jiangnan |
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| Institution: | Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, China |
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| Abstract: | A feasible and fully automatic ramie decorticator was designed in the transverse-clamping delivery using the characteristics of ramie fiber decorticating, further to alleviate the ramie fiber stripping with high labor intesity. The decorticator implemented the fiber decorticating for the base and top of the ramie stalk in sequence. The flexible clamping and conveying of ramie stalk and fiber were adopted to ensure the clamping force without damaging the fiber. Without changing the conveying direction of ramie stalks, the whole ramie stalk fiber was stripped, indicating that the small size of machine was used to realize the fully automatic fiber decorticating of ramie. 5 steps were completed in a decorticator, including stalk feeding and conveying, base fiber decorticating, changing clamping, top fiber stripping, and fiber output once for all. The key components included the clamping and conveying device, the fiber decorticating device, and the end-change clamping device. The optimal ranges of key parameters were determined on the quality of ramie decorticating. Taking the decorticating clearance, drum and conveying speed as the influencing factors, mathematical models were developed for the fiber percentage of fresh stem and the impurity rate of ramie fiber. A combination of optimal parameters was achieved to clarify the influence of operating parameters on the ramie fiber decorticating. A multi-objective optimization was carried out in the Box-Behnken test. The results indicated that: There was a significant effect of decorticating clearance, drum speed and conveying speed on the fibre content of fresh stems and the impurity rate of raw fiber. The model interaction of decorticating clearance and drum speed also posed a great impact on the fiber content of fresh stems and the impurity rate of raw fiber. Moreover, there were obvious coupling effects of experimental factors on the fiber content of fresh stem and the impurity rate, but not a simple linear relationship. In the multi-objective parameter optimization, the optimal parameters were determined for ramie fiber decorticating: the decorticating clearance of 4.0 mm, drum speed of 330 r/min, and conveying speed of 0.36 m/s. A validation test of ramie fiber decorticating was carried out under the optimized conditions. The results demonstrated that the fibre content of fresh stem was 5.04% and the impurity rate of raw fiber was 1.18%, where the relative errors of indicators and the model predictions were less than 5%, indicating a high accuracy of prediction model. The productivity of machine was up to 142 kg/h, beyond the design specifications. The gum content of raw fiber was 22.85%, and the bundle breaking tenacity of ramie was 4.56 CN/dtex, indicating that the fibers of decorticating machine were suitable for the national standards of second class ramie fiber. The finding can provide a theoretical basis and technical support for the fully automatic ramie decorticator. |
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| Keywords: | decorticator ramie fiber clamping and delivering fibre percentage of fresh stalk impurity rate of raw fibre |
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