| 牛至精油及其主要成分香芹酚和百里酚对16种植物病原真菌的抑制活性 |
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| 引用本文： | 侯辉宇,李敏,李爽,杜鹏强,赵特,周琳.牛至精油及其主要成分香芹酚和百里酚对16种植物病原真菌的抑制活性[J].植物保护学报,2020,47(6):1362-1369. |
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| 作者姓名： | 侯辉宇 李敏 李爽 杜鹏强 赵特 周琳 |
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| 作者单位： | 河南农业大学植物保护学院, 河南省新型农药创制与应用重点实验室, 河南省绿色农药创制工程技术研究中心, 郑州 450002 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金（31371962），国家重点研发计划（2017YFD0201704），河南省科技创新人才基金（134100510009） |
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| 摘 要： | 为评价牛至精油及其2种主要成分香芹酚和百里酚在植物真菌病害防治方面的应用前景，采用菌丝生长速率法和孢子萌发法测定3种物质对16种植物病原真菌菌丝生长和孢子萌发的抑制活性，并采用黄瓜子叶法测定其对黄瓜灰霉病的防治效果。结果表明，牛至精油在500 mg/L浓度处理下可完全抑制番茄早疫病菌Alternaria solani、黄瓜灰霉病菌Botrytis cinerea和小麦根腐病菌Bipolaris sorokiniana等12种植物病原真菌的菌丝生长，对棉花黄萎病菌Verticillium dahliae的菌丝生长抑制率也达到97.66%。牛至精油对这13种病原真菌的EC50在83.09~236.58 mg/L之间，香芹酚和百里酚对这13种病原真菌的毒力均高于牛至精油，其中香芹酚对黄瓜灰霉病菌、油菜菌核病菌Sclerotinia sclerotiorum、小麦全蚀病菌Gaeumannomyces graminis、棉花黄萎病菌和小麦茎基腐病菌Fusarium pseudograminearum菌丝生长的毒力较强，EC50分别为9.09、22.45、24.28、28.40和28.80 mg/L；百里酚对黄瓜灰霉病菌和小麦全蚀病菌菌丝生长的毒力较强，EC50分别为21.32 mg/L和27.08 mg/L。香芹酚和百里酚对棉花黄萎病菌、玉米大斑病菌Setosphaeria turcica、苦瓜枯萎病菌Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.momordicae、黄瓜灰霉病菌和黄瓜炭疽病菌Colletotrichum orbiculare的孢子萌发亦有较强毒力，其EC50为3.78~289.07 mg/L。1 000 mg/L牛至精油对黄瓜灰霉病的预防效果与400 mg/L嘧霉胺悬浮剂的预防效果无显著差异；500 mg/L百里酚对黄瓜灰霉病的预防效果和治疗效果均与400 mg/L嘧霉胺悬浮剂的效果相当，而香芹酚的治疗效果显著优于400 mg/L嘧霉胺悬浮剂。表明牛至精油及其主要成分香芹酚和百里酚的抑菌谱广且活性强，具有作为植物源杀菌剂的开发应用潜力。
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| 关 键 词： | 牛至精油 香芹酚 百里酚 植物病原真菌 抑菌作用 |
| 收稿时间： | 2020/1/16 0:00:00 |
Inhibitory activities of Origanum vulgare essential oil, and its main components carvacrol and thymol against 16 plant pathogenic fungi |
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| HOU Huiyu,LI Min LI,Shuang,DU Pengqiang,ZHAO Te,ZHOU Lin.Inhibitory activities of Origanum vulgare essential oil, and its main components carvacrol and thymol against 16 plant pathogenic fungi[J].Acta Phytophylacica Sinica,2020,47(6):1362-1369. |
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| Authors: | HOU Huiyu LI Min LI Shuang DU Pengqiang ZHAO Te ZHOU Lin |
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| Institution: | Henan Research Center of Green-Pesticide Technology and Engineering, Henan Key Laboratory of Creationand Application of Novel Pesticides, College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, Henan Province, China |
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| Abstract: | To evaluate the application potential of Origanum vulgare essential oil (OVEO) and its two main components, carvacrol and thymol, in the control of plant fungal diseases, the effects of OVEO, carvacrol and thymol on mycelium growth and spore germination of 16 plant pathogenic fungi were conducted in vitro. Their control efficacy on grey mould was evaluated on cucumber cotyledons. The results showed that 500 mg/L OVEO could completely inhibit the mycelial growth of 12 plant pathogenic fungi, such as Alternaria solani, Botrytis cinerea and Bipolaris sorokiniana, and the inhibition rate against Verticillium dahlia reached up to 97.66%. The EC50 values of OVEO against the above 13 tested fungi were 83.09-236.58 mg/L, and the toxicity of carvacrol and thymol against the mycelial growth of the 13 fungi was higher than that of OVEO. Carvacrol had the strongest toxicity to the mycelial growth of B. cinerea, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Gaeumannomyces graminis, V. dahlia and Fusarium pseudograminearum with an EC50 value of 9.09, 22.45, 24.28, 28.40 and 28.80 mg/L, respectively. Meanwhile, thymol had the strongest toxicity to the mycelial growth of B. cinerea and G. graminis with an EC50 value of 21.32 mg/L and 27.08 mg/L, respectively. The EC50 values of carvacrol and thymol against the spore germination of V. dahlia, Setosphaeria turcica, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. momordicae, B. cinerea and Colletotrichum orbiculare ranged from 3.78 mg/L to 289.07 mg/L. On the cucumber cotyledons, the protective efficacy of 1 000 mg/L OEVO was not significantly different from that of 400 mg/L pyrimethanil. The protective and therapeutic efficacies of 500 mg/L thymol were equivalent to that of 400 mg/L pyrimethanil, while the therapeutic efficacy of 500 mg/L carvacrol was significantly higher than that of the control fungicide 400 mg/L pyrimethanil. Therefore, OVEO, carvacrol and thymol have great application potential as plant-derived fungicides in controlling plant diseases. |
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| Keywords: | Origanum vulgare essential oil carvacrol thymol plant pathogenic fungi antifungal activity |
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