| 不同耕作保墒措施下施氮量对小麦耗水量、产量及水分生产效率的影响 |
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| 引用本文： | 杨永辉,武继承,潘晓莹,张洁梅,何方,张玉亭,王喆,王越,韩伟锋.不同耕作保墒措施下施氮量对小麦耗水量、产量及水分生产效率的影响[J].河南农业科学,2016(4):61-65. |
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| 作者姓名： | 杨永辉 武继承 潘晓莹 张洁梅 何方 张玉亭 王喆 王越 韩伟锋 |
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| 作者单位： | 1. 河南省农业科学院 植物营养与资源环境研究所, 河南 郑州450002;农业部作物高效用水原阳科学观测实验站, 河南 原阳453514;2. 河南省农业科学院 植物营养与资源环境研究所,河南 郑州,450002 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金项目(U1404404);国家“863”计划项目(2013AA102904);公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201203077);国家科技支撑计划项目(2013BAD07B07);河南省农业科学院优秀青年科技基金项目(2016YQ12) |
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| 摘 要： | 采用大田试验,探讨了普通耕作、深松、秸秆覆盖、保水剂与氮肥(0、120、240 kg/hm~2N)相结合对小麦耗水量、产量及水分生产效率的影响,以期找出潮土区小麦高产的合理保墒施肥模式。结果表明:总体上氮肥用量适中时,小麦全生育期的总耗水量较大,而不施氮肥和氮肥用量较大时,小麦耗水量较低,其中以秸秆覆盖处理最低。随氮肥用量的增加,总体上小麦净光合速率、蒸腾速率均表现为先增后降的趋势,而叶片水分利用效率随氮肥用量的增加而提高。各处理以处理6(深松+120 kg/hm~2N)的净光合速率最高,以处理10(深松+240 kg/hm~2N)和处理11(秸秆覆盖+240 kg/hm~2N)的叶片水分利用效率较高。各保墒措施均显著提高了小麦产量和水分生产效率。小麦产量随氮肥用量的增加先增加后降低,以处理6最高,较对照(普通耕作)提高30.5%,其次为处理8(保水剂+120 kg/hm~2N),两者差异不显著,之后为处理7(秸秆覆盖+120 kg/hm~2N)、处理10、处理11;但水分生产效率以处理11最高,较对照提高50.4%,其次为处理10、处理8,三者差异显著。
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| 关 键 词： | 小麦 氮肥 保墒措施 光合特征 产量 水分利用 |
Effect of Nitrogen Fertilizer Application Rate on Water Consumption,Yield and Water Production Efficiency of Wheat under Different Tillage and Soil Moisture Conservation Measures |
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| YANG Yonghui;WU Jicheng;PAN Xiaoying;ZHANG Jiemei;HE Fang;ZHANG Yuting;WANG Zhe;WANG Yue;HAN Weifeng.Effect of Nitrogen Fertilizer Application Rate on Water Consumption,Yield and Water Production Efficiency of Wheat under Different Tillage and Soil Moisture Conservation Measures[J].Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences,2016(4):61-65. |
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| Authors: | YANG Yonghui;WU Jicheng;PAN Xiaoying;ZHANG Jiemei;HE Fang;ZHANG Yuting;WANG Zhe;WANG Yue;HAN Weifeng |
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| Institution: | YANG Yonghui;WU Jicheng;PAN Xiaoying;ZHANG Jiemei;HE Fang;ZHANG Yuting;WANG Zhe;WANG Yue;HAN Weifeng;Institute of Plant Nutrient,Resources and Environment,Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences;Yuanyang Experimental Station of Crop Water Use,Ministry of Agriculture; |
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| Abstract: | In order to find out reasonable soil moisture conservation and fertilization mode for increasing yield in meadow soil district,a field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of the common tillage,subsoiling,straw mulching,water-retaining agent with different nitrogen application rate (0,120, 240 kg/ha) on crop water consumption, yield and water production efficiency. The results showed that water consumption of wheat was the highest compared with other treatments in the whole growth period of wheat when nitrogen application rate was appropriate. While when the nitrogen application rate was zero or the and nitrogen application rate was too many,the water consumption of wheat was lower,which of the treatment with straw mulching was the lowest. On the whole,the net photosynthetic rate and transpiration rate of wheat first increased and then decreased with the increase of the nitrogen fertilizer application rate, while the leaf water use efficiency increased with the increase of the nitrogen fertilizer application rate. The net photosynthetic rate of treatment 6 ( subsoiling + N of 120 kg/ha) was the highest,and which of treatment 10 ( subsoiling + N of 240 kg/ha) and 11 ( straw cover + N of 240 kg/ha) were higher. The moisture conservation measures significantly increased wheat yield and water production efficiency, and the yield increased initially and then decreased with the increase of nitrogen fertilizer application rate. The yield of the treatment 6 was the highest, increased by 30. 5% compared with the control( common till-age),followed by the treatment 8 (SAP + N of 120 kg/ha),treatment 7 (strawcover + N of 120 kg/ha), treatment 10,treatment 11. While the water production efficiency of the treatment 11 was the highest, which increased by 50. 4% compared with the control,followed by the treatment 10,treatment 8. |
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| Keywords: | wheat nitrogen fertilizer moisture conservation measures photosynthetic characteristics yield water utilization |
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