| 不同化肥减施技术下茶叶产量、品质、养分利用率及经济效益 |
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| 引用本文： | 刘声传,林开勤,梁思慧,何萍,魏杰,鄢东海,徐霖,何国菊,周玉锋.不同化肥减施技术下茶叶产量、品质、养分利用率及经济效益[J].热带作物学报,2021,42(9):2601-2609. |
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| 作者姓名： | 刘声传 林开勤 梁思慧 何萍 魏杰 鄢东海 徐霖 何国菊 周玉锋 |
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| 作者单位： | 1.贵阳学院生物与环境工程学院,贵州贵阳 5500052.贵州省农业科学院茶叶研究所,贵州贵阳 550006 |
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| 基金项目： | 贵州省科技计划项目(黔科合平台人才[2017]5717);国家重点研发计划子课题(2016YFD0200906);贵州省农业科技支撑计划项目(黔科合支撑[2018]2254) |
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| 摘 要： | 为给茶园化肥减施增效提供依据和技术支撑,本研究以黔东北1个9龄无性系‘福鼎大白茶’茶园为研究对象,设置5个处理,CK：对照,不施肥;CF：习惯施肥;T1：化肥减施量32.1%;T2：化肥减施量33.8%;T3：化肥减施量46.0%,比较分析不同处理对茶叶产量、品质、养分利用率和经济效益的影响。结果表明T1、T2、T3的全年干茶叶产量分别为3524.1、3644.4、3835.7 kg/hm2,显著高于CF（3127.3 kg/hm2）,T1、T2、T3、CF的这一指标显著高于CK （2172.6 kg/hm2）;各季度T1的酚氨比最低,秋季CF、T1、T2之间的酚氨比无显著差异,春、夏季CF、T2、T3之间的酚氨比无显著差异;总体上,T1、T2、T3新梢年氮、磷、钾素的吸收量和利用率高于CF,T3效果最好;各施肥处理的年纯收入显著高于CK（3.69万元/hm2）;相较于CF,T1、T2、T3每年分别节本增效1.48、1.39、1.52万元/hm2。茶园肥料沟施效果好于撒施,T1、T3化肥减施增效较好,T3更好。建议调整茶树专用肥氮、磷、钾元素配比,增加茶树专用肥的有机肥及其有机质含量;T3增加有机肥替代比例。
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| 关 键 词： | 茶园 施肥技术 产量 品质 养分利用率 经济效益 |
| 收稿时间： | 2020-09-30 |
Yield,Quality, Nutrient Use Efficiency and Economic Profit of Tea under Different Fertilizer Reduction Techniques in Tea Garden |
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| LIU Shengchuan,LIN Kaiqin,LIANG Sihui,HE Ping,WEI Jie,YAN Donghai,XU Lin,HE Guoju,ZHOU Yufeng.Yield,Quality, Nutrient Use Efficiency and Economic Profit of Tea under Different Fertilizer Reduction Techniques in Tea Garden[J].Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops,2021,42(9):2601-2609. |
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| Authors: | LIU Shengchuan LIN Kaiqin LIANG Sihui HE Ping WEI Jie YAN Donghai XU Lin HE Guoju ZHOU Yufeng |
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| Institution: | 1. School of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Guiyang University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550005, China2. Tea Research Institute, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang, Guizhou 550006, China |
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| Abstract: | To provide valuable resources and techniques for saving fertilizer and improving fertilizer efficiency in tea garden, a tea garden planted with 9-year-old clonal cultivar ‘Fudingdabaicha’, located in northeast Guizhou Province, was selected to conduct field tests. We performed the analysis of the effects of five treatments on tea yield, quality, nutrient use efficiency and economic profit. The five treatments were 1) the control (CK), no fertilizer, 2) conventional fertilization (CF), 3) treatment 1, 2 and 3 (T1, T2, T3). 32.1%, 33.8% and 46.0% chemical fertilizer was reduced in T1, T2 and T3 compared with CF, respectively. The annual yield of dry tea from T1, T2 and T3 was 3524.1, 3644.4 and 3835.7 kg/hm 2, respectively, which was significantly higher than that of CF (3127.3 kg/hm2 ), while the value in T1, T2, T3 and CF was significantly higher than that of CK (2172.6 kg/hm2). The lowest the ratio of tea polyphenols to free amino acids (TP/AA) in each season among five treatments was observed in T1. No significant difference for TP/AA were observed among CF, T1 and T2 in autumn. There were no significant difference of TP/AA among CF, T2 and T3 in spring and summer. In general, the annual nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) uptake amount and use efficiency was higher in T1, T2 and T3 than in CF, the best effect was observed in T3. The annual net income of each fertilization treatment was significantly higher than that of CK (36 900 yuan/hm2). Compared with CF, the annual net income could be increased by 14 800, 13 900 and 15 200 yuan/hm2, respectively. Our data showed that fertilizer furrow application is better than broadcast application in tea garden, and indicated that T1 and T3 contributed more to saving fertilizer and improving fertilizer efficiency compared to CF, while T3 was better. Our results suggested that the proportion of N, P and K should be adjusted, and the content of organic fertilizer and organic matter should be increased in tea special fertilizer. Additionally, the replacement ratio of organic fertilizer should be increased in T3. |
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| Keywords: | tea garden technique of fertilization yield quality nutrient use efficiency economic profit |
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