| 水肥耦合对干热河谷冬春番茄产量及其品质的影响 |
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| 引用本文： | 王艳丹,何光熊,杨淏舟,岳学文,余建琳,史亮涛,方海东.水肥耦合对干热河谷冬春番茄产量及其品质的影响[J].热带作物学报,2021,42(8):2297-2304. |
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| 作者姓名： | 王艳丹 何光熊 杨淏舟 岳学文 余建琳 史亮涛 方海东 |
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| 作者单位： | 1.云南省农业科学院热区生态农业研究所,云南元谋 6513992.元谋干热河谷植物园,云南元谋 651399 |
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| 基金项目： | 云南省科技计划项目农业联合青年项目(2017FG001(-099));云南省重点研发计划项目(2019BC001-02) |
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| 摘 要： | 干热河谷等“热区”以其充足的光照及相对较高的温度为冬春季蔬菜生产提供了重要条件,合理的水肥管理是保障区域蔬菜产业可持续发展及农业环境安全的重要举措。为提高西南热区特色作物水肥管理能力,巩固北方冬春蔬菜供应链,设置不同灌溉量（4469.10、2253.60、1806.70 m3/hm2）和施氮量（240、210、180、150 kg/hm2）2个因子,在元谋干热河谷开展冬春季节番茄大田试验,分析比较不同水氮处理对番茄产量、品质及其水肥利用效率的影响。结果表明：（1）降低灌溉定额后,番茄单果重显著增加（P<0.05）,总产量无显著差异（P>0.05）,番茄果横径和果梗洼大小显著增加（P<0.05）,糖含量和番茄红素显著降低（P<0.05）,水分利用效率显著提高（P<0.05）;（2）氮肥施用量显著影响番茄果梗洼大小（P<0.05）;（3）水氮耦合作用显著影响糖含量和番茄红素（P<0.05）,番茄产量和品质更易受水分供应限制,而受氮肥影响较小。结果显示元谋冬春茬番茄传统种植模式存在过量灌溉和过量施肥的现象,选择低水（灌溉定额1806.70 m3/hm2）中氮（180 kg N/hm2）的水肥管理策略,保产的同时能有效提高番茄水分利用效率,能产出品质较好的番茄,同时减小环境污染风险。
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| 关 键 词： | 番茄 灌溉 氮肥 水肥耦合 水肥利用效率 |
| 收稿时间： | 2020-08-28 |
Coupling Effects of Water and Fertilizer on the Yield and Quality of Winter and Spring Tomato in Dry-hot Valley |
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| WANG Yandan,HE Guangxiong,YANG Haozhou,YUE Xuewen,YU Jianlin,SHI Liangtao,FANG Haidong.Coupling Effects of Water and Fertilizer on the Yield and Quality of Winter and Spring Tomato in Dry-hot Valley[J].Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops,2021,42(8):2297-2304. |
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| Authors: | WANG Yandan HE Guangxiong YANG Haozhou YUE Xuewen YU Jianlin SHI Liangtao FANG Haidong |
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| Institution: | 1. Institute of Tropical Eco-Agricultural Sciences, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yuanmou, Yunnan 651399, China2. Yuanmou Dry-Hot Valley Botanical Garden, Yuanmou, Yunnan 651399, China |
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| Abstract: | “Hot region” with sufficient light and relatively high temperature provide important conditions for vegetable production in winter and spring. Reasonable water and fertilizer management is an important measure to ensure the sustainable development of vegetable industry and the safety of agricultural environment in this region. The purpose of our experiment is to improve the water and fertilizer management ability of special agriculture crop in the hot region of southwest China, to reinforce the supply chain of winter and spring vegetables in north China. The field experiment of tomato in winter and spring was carried out in Yuanmou dry-hot valley, two factors of different irrigation ration (4469.10, 2253.60, 1806.70 m3/hm2) and different nitrogen application amount (240, 210, 180, 150 kg/hm2) were set to analyze the coupling effect of water and nitrogen on tomato yield, quality, water and fertilizer use efficiency. With the reduction irrigation ration, the weight of single tomato significantly increased (P<0.05), but no significant difference in yield (P>0.05), the fruit diameter and the size of stem also significantly increased (P<0.05), sugar content and lycopene content of tomato significantly decreased (P<0.05), and water use efficiency significantly improved (P<0.05). Application amount of nitrogen fertilizer significantly influenced the size of stem (P<0.05). The coupling effect of water and nitrogen significantly affected the sugar content and lycopene concentration (P<0.05). The yield and quality of tomato were more restricted by water supply and less affected by nitrogen fertilizer. The results indicated that there were excessive irrigation and fertilization in the traditional plantation mode of tomato in winter and spring in Yuanmou, the water and fertilizer management strategy with lower water (irrigation ration of 1806.70 m3/hm2) and medium nitrogen (180 kg N/hm2) could ensure the production of tomato, effectively improve water use efficiency, produce tomatoes with better quality, and reduce the risk of environmental pollution. |
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| Keywords: | tomato irrigation nitrogen fertilizer water-fertilizer coupling water and fertilizer use efficiency |
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