| 山东不同类型烟叶质量特征差异及原因解析 |
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| 引用本文： | 王永,孙延国,王德权,戴华伟,王世建,吴会才.山东不同类型烟叶质量特征差异及原因解析[J].现代农业科技,2024(10). |
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| 作者姓名： | 王永 孙延国 王德权 戴华伟 王世建 吴会才 |
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| 作者单位： | 山东中烟工业有限责任公司,中国农业科学院烟草研究所,山东潍坊烟草有限公司,山东淄博烟草有限公司,山东青岛烟草有限公司,山东莱芜烟草有限公司 |
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| 基金项目： | 山东中烟工业有限责任公司重点项目(202101001)；中国烟草总公司山东省公司重点项目(202108)；山东潍坊烟草有限公司科技项目(2023-48)。 |
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| 摘 要： | 为明确山东不同类型烟叶质量特征差异及原因,连续三年采集山东烟区烟叶样品,分析不同类型烟叶物理特性、化学成分和感官评吸质量,通过相关分析,解析影响评吸质量的主要因素。结果表明:物理特性方面,香吃味型中、上部叶物理特性最好,香味型中、上部叶物理特性居于其次,吃味型中、上部叶物理特性最低,表现在部分吃味型中、上部叶发育过旺,叶片大小、单叶重、叶面密度超出适宜范围。化学成分方面,香味型中部叶化学成分协调性最好,香吃味型中部叶居于其次,吃味型中部叶最低,主要是部分吃味型烟叶淀粉、氯离子含量高、钾氯比低；三种类型上部叶化学成分协调性基本一致。感官评吸质量方面,中部叶质量得分为香味型最高,香吃味型其次,吃味型最低,差异主要体现在香气质、余味、杂气、刺激性等指标；三种类型上部烟叶评吸质量差异不明显。叶宽对中部叶评吸质量产生显著负效应,叶长、叶片厚度对上部叶评吸质量产生显著负效应；钾和钾氯比对中部叶评吸质量产生显著正效应,而还原糖、硫、氯离子、纤维素、半纤维素产生显著负效应；还原糖、总糖对上部叶评吸质量产生显著正效应,而烟碱、纤维素产生负效应。吃味型中部叶评吸质量较低,与其叶片发育过旺、硫、氯含量较高有关；三种类型上部叶评吸质量无显著差异,但其原因各有不同,香味型、香吃味型上部叶虽然钾高、氯低,但糖低、碱高,糖碱比协调性变差,而吃味型上部叶钾低、氯高,糖高、碱低,糖碱比协调。因此,需针对不同类型烟叶的问题,采取相应农艺措施,提高烟叶质量。
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| 关 键 词： | 山东 烤烟 烟叶类型 物理特性 化学成分 感官质量 |
| 收稿时间： | 2023/9/4 0:00:00 |
| 修稿时间： | 2023/9/4 0:00:00 |
Analysis of the differences in quality characteristics and reasons of different types of tobacco leaves in Shandong |
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| Authors: | SUN Yanguo and |
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| Institution: | Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,,,, |
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| Abstract: | In order to clarify the differences in the quality characteristics of different types of tobacco in Shandong and the reasons for this, tobacco samples from Shandong tobacco areas were collected for three consecutive years. The physical characteristics, chemical composition and sensory evaluation of the quality of different types of tobacco leaves were analyzed, and the main factors affecting the quality of evaluation were analyzed through correlation analysis. The results showed that the physical characteristics of the middle and upper leaves of the flavor type were the best, followed by those of the middle and upper leaves of the aroma type, and those of the middle and upper leaves of the eating type were the lowest, and the development of some of the middle and upper leaves of the eating type was too vigorous, and the leaf size, leaf weight, and leaf density were beyond the appropriate range. In terms of chemical composition, the chemical composition of the flavor type middle leaves has the best coordination, followed by the flavor type middle leaves, and the flavor type middle leaves have the lowest, which is mainly due to the high content of starch and chlorine ions in part of the flavor type tobacco leaves and the low ratio of potassium and chlorine; the coordination of the chemical composition of the upper leaves of the three types is basically the same. Sensory assessment of quality, the quality of the central leaf scored the highest aroma type, followed by aroma and flavor type, the lowest flavor eating type, the difference is mainly reflected in the aroma, aftertaste, miscellaneous gas, irritation and other indicators; three types of upper leaf assessment of the quality of the difference is not obvious. Leaf width has a significant negative effect on the quality of the central leaf assessment, leaf length, leaf thickness has a significant negative effect on the quality of the upper leaf assessment; potassium and potassium-chlorine ratio has a significant positive effect on the quality of the central leaf assessment, while reducing sugar, sulfur, chloride ions, cellulose, hemicellulose has a significant negative effect; reducing sugar, total sugar has a significant positive effect on the quality of the upper leaf assessment, and nicotine, cellulose, has a negative effect. Eating flavor type central leaf assessment of lower quality, its leaf development is too strong, sulfur, chlorine content is higher; three types of upper leaf assessment of sucking quality is not significantly different, but the reasons for this are different, aroma type, aroma and eating flavor type upper leaf, although potassium is high, chlorine is low, but sugar is low, alkali is high, sugar-alkali ratio of coordination becomes worse, and eating flavor type upper leaf potassium is low, chlorine is high, sugar is high, alkali is low, sugar-alkali ratio is coordinated. Therefore, it is necessary to take appropriate agronomic measures to improve the quality of tobacco according to the problems of different types of tobacco. |
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| Keywords: | Shandong Flue-cured tobacco Tobacco leaf type Physical characteristics Chemical composition Sensory quality |
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