| 海洋渔业装备生物附着控制技术研究进展 |
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| 引用本文： | 张俊波,孙名山,万荣.海洋渔业装备生物附着控制技术研究进展[J].中国水产科学,2021,28(11):1489-1503. |
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| 作者姓名： | 张俊波 孙名山 万荣 |
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| 作者单位： | 上海海洋大学海洋科学学院, 上海 201306 ；国家远洋渔业工程技术研究中心, 上海 201306;上海海洋大学海洋科学学院, 上海 201306 ；国家远洋渔业工程技术研究中心, 上海 201306 ；国家远洋渔业工程技术研究中心舟山分中心, 浙江 舟山 316014 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家重点研发计划项目(2019YFC0312104). |
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| 摘 要： | 海洋生物附着一直是世界渔业发展面临的主要难题之一, 渔业装备长期整体或局部与海水接触, 生物附着会降低其使用寿命, 影响正常使用。因此, 深入研究生物附着现象, 采取合理、有效的措施抑制或降低海洋生物附着, 对实现渔业装备的长效使用以及提升海洋渔业经济效益具有重要的意义。本文概述了海洋生物附着的危害和附着机理以及中国沿海渔业装备生物附着情况, 并对现今世界生物附着控制技术进行了总结, 着重分析了自抛光共聚物及防生物附着涂料在海洋渔业船舶和海洋网箱系统中的应用, 为今后生物附着控制技术在海洋渔业装备的应用提供科学的参考。
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| 关 键 词： | 海洋渔业装备 生物附着 生物附着控制技术 自抛光共聚物涂料 防生物附着涂料 海洋渔业船舶 海洋网衣网箱系统 |
Research progress of biofouling prevention techniques for marine fishery equipment |
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| ZHANG Junbo,SUN Mingshan,WAN Rong.Research progress of biofouling prevention techniques for marine fishery equipment[J].Journal of Fishery Sciences of China,2021,28(11):1489-1503. |
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| Authors: | ZHANG Junbo SUN Mingshan WAN Rong |
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| Abstract: | Marine biofouling has always been one of the major problems in world fishery development. Fishery equipment has been immersed in seawater environment for a long time, and biofouling will reduce its service life and affect the normal use. Marine fishery equipment is the special equipment used for production operations in the marine environment, mainly including aquaculture equipment, fishing equipment, aquatic processing equipment, etc. Among them, marine fishing vessels, offshore cage netting and fishing equipment are the important basic equipment for the development of marine fishery economy. However, due to long-term overall or partial contact with the sea water, biological attachment phenomenon appears, which seriously affects the normal use of fishery equipment, thus causing different degrees of economic losses. Furthermore, biological attachment is a unique function of natural organisms. Many animals or plants have an attachment mechanism through which they carry out various biological functions. When the organisms with the habit of attachment use marine fishery equipment as the substrate, the phenomenon of biological attachment is caused. The biological attachment on the equipment of marine fishing vessels leads to the decrease of ship speed, the increase of fuel consumption, and the increase of operation cost. The biological attachment on the offshore cage netting will reduce the life of the net and cause clogging of the net mouth, thus reducing the survival rate of the cultured fish. At present, domestic anti-fouling coatings combined with manual removal are adopted to deal with biofouling in offshore cage netting, but the effect is not satisfactory. Some cages located in the South China Sea were once broken due to improper manual removal, and a large number of fish escaped, resulting in serious economic losses. Similarly, the use of diluted foreign antifouling coating combined with a small amount of TBT method to remove organic matter adhering to the surface of marine fishing vessels, the ocean-going fishing vessels located in Guangxi need to dock every 6 months for repairs and are less effective in preventing fouling. The commonly used biofouling prevention techniques in China has some disadvantages such as toxic, time-consuming, laborious, weak timeliness and easy to damage equipment, etc., so it cannot effectively control biological contamination. Therefore, it is of great significance to further study the biological attachment phenomenon, take reasonable and effective measures to restrain or reduce the marine biofouling, and achieve the long-term use of marine fishery equipment to improve the economic benefits of marine fishery. This paper provides an overview of the hazards and attachment mechanisms of marine biological attachment and the biological attachment situation of Chinese coastal fishery equipment, and summarizes current world biological attachment control technology, with emphasis on the application of self-polishing copolymers and antifouling coatings in marine fishery vessels and marine netting systems. |
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