| 不同水氮条件对日光温室冬春茬黄瓜栽培氨挥发的影响 |
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| 引用本文： | 李银坤,梅旭荣,武雪萍,郝卫平,陈敏鹏,夏 旭,李昊儒.不同水氮条件对日光温室冬春茬黄瓜栽培氨挥发的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2012,20(11):1413-1419. |
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| 作者姓名： | 李银坤 梅旭荣 武雪萍 郝卫平 陈敏鹏 夏 旭 李昊儒 |
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| 作者单位： | 1. 中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所 农业部旱作节水农业重点开放实验室 北京 100081
2. 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所 农业部植物营养与养分循环重点开放实验室 北京 100081;中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所 农业部旱作节水农业重点开放实验室 北京 100081;中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所 农业部植物营养与养分循环重点开放实验室 北京 100081;中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所 农业部旱作节水农业重点开放实验室 北京 100081;中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所 农业部旱作节水农业重点开放实验室 北京 100081;中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所 农业部旱作节水农业重点开放实验室 北京 100081;中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所 农业部旱作节水农业重点开放实验室 北京 100081 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划)项目(2011CB100501)、中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金(BSRF201003)、国家自然科学基金项目(30871447)、国际科技合作项目(2010DFA34420, 2010DFB30550)和中央级基本科研业务费项目(1610122012003)资助 |
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| 摘 要： | 通过设置不同灌水、施氮处理,采用通气法研究了温室土壤施肥带与非施肥带的氨挥发特征,探讨了节水灌溉、减量施氮处理与传统水氮处理土壤氨挥发的差异及其影响因素。结果表明,冬春季温室黄瓜土壤在氮肥基施7 d后出现氨挥发峰值,减施氮25%处理的氨挥发峰值比传统施氮处理降低18.2%~34.3%;追肥后,施肥带和非施肥带的氨挥发速率峰值分别在第1 d和第5 d出现,减施氮25%处理与传统施氮处理相比,氨挥发速率峰值降低12.3%~37.2%;节水灌溉处理与传统灌水处理相比,氨挥发峰值则提高3.9%~47.0%。土壤中铵态氮含量以及温度的升高可促进土壤的氨挥发,而土壤含水量则与氨挥发速率呈负相关。在黄瓜花期和初瓜期,施肥带的累计氨挥发量显著高于非施肥带,而初瓜期之后,施肥带与非施肥带的氨挥发无显著差异。整个黄瓜生育季的累计氨挥发量为11.4~26.6 kg.hm 2;与传统施氮和灌水处理相比,减施氮25%处理的累计氨挥发量可降低20.8%~22.2%,但节水灌溉处理的累计氨挥发量却有所增加,增加幅度为0~4.51%。适宜减少灌水和氮肥用量不会降低黄瓜产量,且可大幅度提高灌水和氮肥利用效率。
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| 关 键 词： | 日光温室 冬春季黄瓜 灌溉 氮肥 氨挥发 |
| 收稿时间： | 2012/6/12 0:00:00 |
| 修稿时间： | 2012/8/10 0:00:00 |
Effects of irrigation and nitrogen application on ammonia volatilization in solar greenhouse soils in winter-spring cucumber cultivation |
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| LI Yin-Kun,MEI Xu-Rong,WU Xue-Ping,HAO Wei-Ping,CHEN Min-Peng,XIA Xu and LI Hao-Ru.Effects of irrigation and nitrogen application on ammonia volatilization in solar greenhouse soils in winter-spring cucumber cultivation[J].Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture,2012,20(11):1413-1419. |
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| Authors: | LI Yin-Kun MEI Xu-Rong WU Xue-Ping HAO Wei-Ping CHEN Min-Peng XIA Xu and LI Hao-Ru |
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| Institution: | 1. Key Laboratory of Dryland Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture; Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; 2. Key Laboratory of Crop Nutrition and Fertilization, Ministry of Agriculture; Institute of Agricultural Resource and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China;1. Key Laboratory of Dryland Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture; Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China;;1. Key Laboratory of Dryland Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture; Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100082, China;;1. Key Laboratory of Dryland Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture; Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100083, China;;1. Key Laboratory of Dryland Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture; Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100084, China;;1. Key Laboratory of Dryland Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture; Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100085, China;;1. Key Laboratory of Dryland Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture; Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100086, China; |
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| Abstract: | Ammonia volatilization characteristics in fertilized and non-fertilized belts of greenhouse soils were investigated under different irrigation and nitrogen application treatments during winter-spring cucumber cultivation via the venting method. Also differences in ammonia volatilization among water-saving irrigation, reduced nitrogen treatment and traditional water/nitrogen treatments were analyzed and discussed. From the study, peak ammonia volatilization rate was on 7 days after basal fertilization in the solar greenhouse soil. Compared with traditional nitrogen treatment, the peak value for 25%-reduction in nitrogen fertilization dropped by 18.2%~34.3%. While peak ammonia volatilization rate was on the first day in the fertilization belt, it was on the fifth day in the non-fertilization belt after topdressing. Also compared with traditional treatments, the peak value for 25%-reduction in nitrogen fertilization also dropped by 12.3%~37.2% and that for water-saving irrigation treatment increased by 3.9%~47.0%. Ammonia volatilization and loss in the fertilization belt of greenhouse soils mainly occurred during cucumber blooming and initial fruiting periods, which were respectively 1.07~1.50 and 1.06~1.27 times those of the non-fertilization belt. No significant differences in ammonia volatilization and loss existed between fertilization and non-fertilization belts of greenhouse soils during cucumber full-fruit period and end-fruit periods. Ammonia volatilization rate increased with (0~10 cm) soil ammonium nitrogen content and improvement in (5 cm) soil temperature. However, a negative correlation existed between (0~10 cm) soil water content and ammonia volatilization rate. Cumulative ammonia volatilization was 11.4~26.6 kg·hm-2 during the entire cucumber growth season. Compared with traditional nitrogen and irrigation treatments, cumulative ammonia volatilization in the 25%-reduction in nitrogen fertilization dropped by 20.8%~22.2%. Also water-saving irrigation treatments concurrently improved cumulative ammonia volatilization by 0~4.51%. The analysis showed that appropriate reductions in nitrogen fertilization significantly limited ammonia volatilization and enhanced irrigation/nitrogen fertilizer efficiency in solar greenhouse soils in Hebei Province. While water-saving also significantly improved irrigation/nitrogen fertilizer efficiency, it failed to significantly reduce ammonia volatilization. Irrigation water-use efficiency of the 25%-reduction in nitrogen fertilization improved by 2.6%~5.9% over traditional nitrogen treatment. Compared with traditional irrigation, agronomic efficiency of nitrogen in water-saving irrigation increased by 13.9%~75.0%. |
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| Keywords: | Solar greenhouse Winter-spring cucumber Irrigation Nitrogen fertilization Ammonia volatilization |
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