| 黄褐土和潮土中硫素在植物生长发育关键时期的消长 |
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| 引用本文： | 韩会阁,刘巧真,许成悦,卢晓华,吴照辉,徐文正,郭芳阳,阎小毛,蔡宪杰.黄褐土和潮土中硫素在植物生长发育关键时期的消长[J].土壤,2021,53(6):1200-1206. |
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| 作者姓名： | 韩会阁 刘巧真 许成悦 卢晓华 吴照辉 徐文正 郭芳阳 阎小毛 蔡宪杰 |
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| 作者单位： | 河南省农业科学院烟草研究所, 黄淮种植区烟草病虫害绿色保护与防治重点实验室, 河南许昌 461100;上海烟草集团有限责任公司, 上海 200082 |
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| 基金项目： | 河南省农业科学院优秀青年科技基金项目（2018YQ08）和上海烟草集团有限公司技术服务项目（2021310000140792）资助。 |
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| 摘 要： | 为了解河南省分布面积最大的两种类型土壤中硫素的转移、转化和积累规律，从而指导硫肥的合理施用，本研究测定了黄褐土和潮土烟田上层（0~20 cm）、中层（20~40 cm）和下层（40~60 cm）土壤在烤烟关键生育期（移栽前、团棵期、现蕾期和收获后）的全硫、有机硫、无机硫和有效硫含量。结果表明：①团棵期，黄褐土上层各形态硫含量降低、中下层各形态硫含量增加，潮土中上层各形态硫含量增加、下层各形态硫含量下降；现蕾期，黄褐土中层无机硫和有效硫含量降低，潮土中层各形态硫和下层无机硫、有效硫含量均下降；收获后，黄褐土中下层无机硫和有效硫含量降低，潮土各土层无机硫和有效硫含量增加、有机硫含量降低。②在黄褐土和潮土烟田，现蕾期烤烟体内的全硫积累量分别约为当地硫肥施用量的25.35%和11.84%，且与移栽前相比，黄褐土各土层各形态硫在烤烟收获后均显著增加；收获后潮土上层有机硫含量略有降低（-10.21mg/kg）、但无机硫（+175.11 mg/kg）和有效硫（+174.99 mg/kg）含量显著增加，中层各形态硫含量均增加显著，下层有机硫和全硫含量降低、但无机硫和有效硫含量增加。综上，黄褐土和潮土试验点的硫肥施用量均大于需求量。但黄褐土中可能因硫素的转移能力较弱、向有机硫转化的能力较强，硫素更容易在各层土壤积累，而潮土中过量的硫则可能较易转移和淋失，污染其他土壤及地表和地下水，因此，黄褐土和潮土烟田的硫肥施用量均应适当减少，且潮土烟田还应适当减少基肥施用量、增加追肥次数并减小施肥深度，以减少土壤硫素的积累和淋失，从而减少土壤面源污染。
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| 关 键 词： | 黄褐土 潮土 硫 植物生长发育 消长 |
| 收稿时间： | 2021/2/3 0:00:00 |
| 修稿时间： | 2021/3/31 0:00:00 |
Sulphur Changes at Plant Key Growth Stages in Yellow Cinnamon Soil and Fluvo-aquic Soil |
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| HAN Huige,LIU Qiaozhen,XU Chengyue,LU Xiaohu,WU Zhaohui,XU Wenzheng,GUO Fangyang,YAN Xiaomao,CAI Xianjie.Sulphur Changes at Plant Key Growth Stages in Yellow Cinnamon Soil and Fluvo-aquic Soil[J].Soils,2021,53(6):1200-1206. |
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| Authors: | HAN Huige LIU Qiaozhen XU Chengyue LU Xiaohu WU Zhaohui XU Wenzheng GUO Fangyang YAN Xiaomao CAI Xianjie |
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| Institution: | Institute of Tobacco Research, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory for Green Preservation & Control of Tobacco Diseases and Pests in Huanghuai Growing Area, Xuchang, Henan 461100, China;Shanghai Tobacco Group Company, LTD, Shanghai 200082, China |
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| Abstract: | In order to understand the transfer, transformation and accumulation of sulfur and to guide the rational application of sulfur fertilizers in the two largest types of soils in Henan Province, the contents of total sulfur, organic sulfur, inorganic sulfur and available sulfur were determined in the upper (0-20 cm), middle (20-40 cm) and lower (40-60 cm) layers in tobacco-planting fields of yellow cinnamon soil and fluvo-aquic soil before pre-transplanting, at the stages of rosette and budding and after-harvest of tobacco. The results showed that:1) At the rosette stage, the concentrations of all sulfur forms decreased in the upper layer but increased in the middle and lower layers of yellow cinnamon soil; the concentrations of all sulfur forms increased in the upper and middle layers but decreased in the lower layer of fluvo-aquic soil. At the budding stage, the concentrations of inorganic and available sulfur decreased in the middle layer of yellow cinnamon soil, while in fluvo-aquic soil, the concentrations of all sulfur forms decreased in the middle layer and the concentrations of inorganic and available sulfur decreased in the lower layer. After harvest, the concentrations of inorganic and available sulfur decreased in the middle and lower layers of yellow cinnamon soil, while the concentrations of inorganic and available sulfur increased but the concentration of organic sulfur deceased in all layers of fluvo-aquic soil. 2) In the tobacco-planting fields of yellow cinnamon soil and fluvo-aquic soil, the accumulation of total sulfur in tobacco was about 25.35% and 11.84% of the local sulfur fertilizer application amount at the budding stage, respectively. Compared with pre-transplanting, all sulfur forms accumulated greatly in all layers of yellow cinnamon soil; the content of organic sulfur slightly reduced (-10.21 mg/kg) in the upper layer of fluvo-aquic soil, but the content of inorganic and available sulfur increased significantly (+175.11 mg/kg and +174.99 mg/kg, respectively), and the contents of all sulfur forms increased significantly in the middle layer of soil, the contents of organic sulfur and total sulfur decreased but the contents of inorganic and available sulfur increased in the lower layer of soil. In summary, the applied amount of sulfur fertilizer is greater than the demand of tobacco in the test sites of yellow cinnamon soil and fluvo-aquic soil. However, due to the weak transfer ability and strong conversion ability of sulfur to organic sulfur in yellow cinnamon soil, sulfur is easily accumulated in all soil layers; while the excessive sulfur in fluvo-aquic soil may be easier to transfer and lose by leaching, it is more likely to pollute other soils, surface and groundwater. Therefore, the applied amount of sulfur fertilizer should be reduced, and in the tobacco-planting fields of fluvo-aquic soil, basal fertilizer amount should be reduced, topdressing times should be increased, the fertilization depth should be reduced in order to reduce the accumulation and leaching of soil sulfur, and thereby to reduce soil non-point source pollution. |
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| Keywords: | Yellow cinnamon soil Fluvo-aquic soil Sulfur Plant growth and development Growth and decline |
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