| 春季不同时期低温对小麦光合特性和粒重形成的影响 |
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| 引用本文： | 马 泉,张玉雪,陶 源,苏盛楠,李春燕,丁锦峰,朱 敏,朱新开,郭文善.春季不同时期低温对小麦光合特性和粒重形成的影响[J].麦类作物学报,2022(2):226-235. |
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| 作者姓名： | 马 泉 张玉雪 陶 源 苏盛楠 李春燕 丁锦峰 朱 敏 朱新开 郭文善 |
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| 作者单位： | (1.扬州大学江苏省作物遗传生理国家重点实验室培育点/粮食作物现代产业技术协同创新中心，江苏扬州 225009; 2.太仓市农业机械技术推广站，江苏太仓 215499; 3.太仓市城厢镇农业技术服务站，江苏太仓 215499) |
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| 基金项目： | 国家重点研发计划项目（2016YFD0300107）；江苏省重点研发计划项目（BE2020319）；扬州市优秀青年基金项目（YZ2017098）；江苏省自主创新专项［CX（18）1002］；扬州大学创新基金项目（2019CXJ096）；扬州大学科技创新项目（X20200600）；江苏高校优势学科建设工程项目；扬州大学研究生科研创新计划项目（XKYCX20_020） |
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| 摘 要： | 为探讨春季低温导致小麦粒重下降的生理机制，以春性品种扬麦16和半冬性品种徐麦30为材料，分别于倒二叶出生期、孕穗期和开花期对小麦进行人工气候室低温处理，研究不同时期低温对小麦光合生理特性、干物质积累和转运及强、弱势粒粒重形成的影响。结果表明，不同时期低温对叶片SPAD值的影响均表现为低温处理开始至结束后3 d持续下降，结束后6～9 d逐渐回升，两品种在低温处理结束当天和处理后3 d均以孕穗期低温处理下SPAD值降幅最大。不同时期低温处理显著降低叶片净光合速率和气孔导度，并影响花前干物质转运和花后干物质积累。与孕穗期、开花期低温处理相比，倒二叶出生期低温处理显著降低小麦花前干物质转运量，但提高花后干物质积累及其对籽粒产量的贡献率，千粒重降幅最小，扬麦16和徐麦30分别仅为4.49%和4.20%。不同时期低温处理下小麦强势粒粒重的降幅均小于弱势粒，倒二叶出生期低温处理下弱势粒粒重降幅显著低于孕穗期和开花期低温处理。相关性分析表明，低温胁迫下小麦平均千粒重和强势粒粒重相关性不显著(r=0.319,P>0.05)，但与弱势粒粒重显著相关(r=0.691,P<0.05)。综上，春季低温胁迫主要通过影响小麦开花前后的光合作用和同化物向籽粒的转运，限制弱势粒的灌浆充实，最终导致粒重下降。
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| 关 键 词： | 小麦 春季低温 强弱势粒 粒重形成 |
Effects of Low Temperature at Different Stages in Spring on Photosynthetic Characteristics and Grain Weight Formation of Wheat |
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| MA Quan,ZHANG Yuxue,TAO Yuan,SU Shengnan,LI Chunyan,DING Jinfeng,ZHU Min,ZHU Xinkai,GUO Wenshan.Effects of Low Temperature at Different Stages in Spring on Photosynthetic Characteristics and Grain Weight Formation of Wheat[J].Journal of Triticeae Crops,2022(2):226-235. |
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| Authors: | MA Quan ZHANG Yuxue TAO Yuan SU Shengnan LI Chunyan DING Jinfeng ZHU Min ZHU Xinkai GUO Wenshan |
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| Abstract: | In order to investigate the physiological mechanism of low temperature in spring reducing grain weight,two spring wheat cultivar Yangmai 16 and semi-winter wheat cultivar Xumai 30 were treated with low temperature in the environment-controlled phytotron at the appearance of the penultimate leaf,booting and anthesis stage,respectively. The effects of low temperature at different stages on photosynthetic characteristics,dry matter accumulation and translocation,and grain weight formation of superior and inferior grains in wheat were studied. The results showed that,the SPAD value of leaves continued to decrease from the beginning to the end of the 3 days of low-temperature treatment,and then increased gradually from 6-9 days after low-temperature treatment. At 0 and 3 days after the low-temperature treatment,the SPAD values of both cultivars decreased the most under low-temperature treatment at booting stage. Low-temperature at different stages significantly reduced the net photosynthetic rate (Pn) and stomatal conductance (Gs) of leaves,and affected the dry matter translocation and accumulation. Compared with that at booting and anthesis stages,low-temperature at the appearance of the penultimate leaf stage significantly decreased dry matter translocation pre-anthesis,but improved dry matter accumulation post-anthesis and its contribution to grain,leading to the lowest drop in 1 000-grain weight (TGW),which was only 4.49% in Yangmai 16 and 4.20% in Xumai 30,respectively. The decrease in grain weight of superior grains treated with low-temperature at different stages was lower than that of inferior grains,and the decrease in grain weight of inferior grains treated with low-temperature at the appearance of the penultimate leaf stage was significantly lower than that at booting and anthesis stages. The average TGW of wheat under low-temperature was not correlated with TGW of superior grains(r=0.319,P>0.05),but was significantly correlated with TGW of inferior grains(r=0.691,P<0.05). The results indicated that the cold stress in spring resulted in the decrease of grain weight mainly through affecting photosynthesis and assimilate translocation to grains pre- and post-anthesis of wheat,and limiting the grain filling of inferior grains. |
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| Keywords: | Wheat Low temperature in spring Superior and inferior grain Grain weight formation |
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