Microbial changes occurring at the sediment-water interface in an intensively stocked and fed fish pond |
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| Authors: | Neil M Ram Ofer Zur Yoram Avnimelech |
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| Institution: | 1. University of Massachusetts, Department of Civil Engineering, Amherst, MA 01003 U.S.A.;2. Ofer Zur, Intensive Fish Culture Experimental Station-near Ginosar, Box 33 Tiberias, Israel;3. Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Department of Agricultural Engineering, Haifa, Israel |
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| Abstract: | The microbial changes occurring in the upper 1 cm of the solid sediment surface in intensively fed and aerated fish ponds located in northern Israel were examined. The bacterial groups enumerated included: total aerobes, total anaerobes, sulfate and iron reducing bacteria, ammonia and nitrite oxidizing bacteria, acid forming bacteria, and denitrifying bacteria. With the exception of the nitrifying bacteria, large microbial populations were observed in the pond sediment even prior to fish stocking. All the different groups enumerated displayed a rapid change in number during the first 2–8 days following fish stocking, and a subsequent approach toward a steady state. Since both microbial and chemical steady states were approached within a relatively short period of time, it does not appear that these components of the sediment are related to the inhibition of fish growth occurring 50–70 days after fish stocking. While the practice of pond draining and air drying the sediment does oxidize some of the accumulated organic material, it does not appear to affect the resident microbial flora significantly to an extent that could decrease the rate of reestablishment of the microbial community. Therefore, upon establishment of anaerobic conditions a large microbiological community is present capable of mediating the chemical reduction of SO42? to H2S, or other transformations resulting in products which contribute to fish growth inhibition commonly observed in such intensively stocked and fed fish ponds. |
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