| 紫色土丘陵区农业小流域暴雨事件磷素多尺度流失特征 |
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| 引用本文： | 申 东,唐家良,章熙峰,翟龙波,薛 菲,李 新.紫色土丘陵区农业小流域暴雨事件磷素多尺度流失特征[J].水土保持学报,2017,31(5):56-63. |
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| 作者姓名： | 申 东 唐家良 章熙峰 翟龙波 薛 菲 李 新 |
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| 作者单位： | 1. 绵阳师范学院,四川绵阳621000;中国科学院水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所,成都610041;2. 中国科学院水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所,成都,610041;3. 绵阳师范学院,四川绵阳,621000 |
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| 基金项目： | 中国科学院STS项目(KFJ-SW-STS-142)，国家自然科学基金项目(41371241;41430750)，国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0200309-7) |
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| 摘 要： | 为了揭示自然小流域尺度降雨、地形、土地利用结构等对泥沙和磷素输出的影响,根据丘陵区农业小流域自然地貌与土地利用特征,设计了不同尺度的小流域监测点,分别为苏荣、截流、大兴、万安,监测面积分别为3.0,34.6,480.3,1 236.4hm~2,并选择了降雨侵蚀力(R)分别为1 411.5,595.7,391.4 MJ·mm/(hm~2·h)的3场降雨事件监测小流域内磷素流失过程特征。结果表明:(1)以居民点集镇和耕地为主的苏荣和截流小流域水文响应速度较快,暴雨事件中径流峰值出现在降雨峰值后的5~10min,较大尺度大兴和万安小流域泥沙浓度峰值与径流峰值滞后于降雨峰值0.5~3h。(2)3场暴雨径流中泥沙与全磷、颗粒态磷均存在较一致的显著相关关系(R0.6,P0.01),泥沙、全磷流失负荷在源头小流域(苏荣、截流)最高,3场暴雨苏荣全磷平均流失负荷达到0.36kg/hm~2,万安小流域泥沙、全磷流失负荷最低,全磷平均流失负荷为0.009kg/hm~2。(3)小流域径流中颗粒态磷占全磷流失量50%以上。(4)多元回归分析结果表明,径流量和泥沙含量可用于进行磷素流失通量预测。坡耕地、林地与水田带状组合结构可显著降低小流域泥沙和磷素流失负荷。研究结果为计算丘陵区农业小流域暴雨过程中磷素多尺度流失负荷提供参考。
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| 关 键 词： | 农业小流域 泥沙 颗粒态磷 多尺度对比 |
Characteristics of Phosphorus Loss of Small Agricultural Watershed During Rainstorm Events in Hilly Area of Purple Soil |
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| SHEN Dong,TANG Jialiang,ZHANG Xifeng,ZHAI Longbo,XUE Fei,LI Xin.Characteristics of Phosphorus Loss of Small Agricultural Watershed During Rainstorm Events in Hilly Area of Purple Soil[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2017,31(5):56-63. |
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| Authors: | SHEN Dong TANG Jialiang ZHANG Xifeng ZHAI Longbo XUE Fei LI Xin |
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| Institution: | 1.Mianyang Teachers, College, Mianyang, Sichuan 621000;2.Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, CAS, Chengdu 610041 |
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| Abstract: | In order to reveal the effect of rainfall,topography,land use pattern and other factors on sediment and phosphorus loss in natural small watershed,four small watersheds with different scales (Surong,Jieliu,Daxing,and Wanan) were chosen according to the natural physiognomy and land use characteristics of small agricultural watershed in Hilly Area,and the monitoring areas were 3.0,34.6,480.3 and 1 236.4 hm2 respectively.Phosphorus loss characteristics of small watershed were monitored in three rainstorm events,and rainfall erosivity (R) of these rainstorms were 1 411.5,595.7,391.4 MJ ·mm / (hm2 · h) respectively.The results showed that:(1) The hydrological responses of Surong and Jie Liu,which were mainly residential areas,market towns and cultivated land,were faster,and the runoff peak value of these two watersheds appeared at 5 ～ 10 min after rainfall peak in the rainstorm event,while the sediment concentration peak and runoff peak appeared at 0.5 ～ 3 h behind rainfall peak in Daxing and Wanan.(2) There was a consistent significant correlation between sediment and total phosphorus (TP),particulate phosphorus (PP) (R ＞ 0.6,P ＜ 0.01) in three rainstorm events,the sediment and TP loss loads were the highest in the source small watersheds (Surong and Jieliu),the average TP loss load of Surong reached 0.36 kg/hm2,and the loss loads of sediment and TP of Wanan were the lowest,and the average TP loss load was 0.009 kg/hm2.(3) PP accounted for more than 50％ of TP loss in the runoff.(4) The results of multivariate regression analysis showed that runoff and sediment contents could be used to predict phosphorus flux.A combination of sloping cropland,forestland and paddy field could significantly reduce the sediment and phosphorus loss load.The results could provide references for calculating the multi-scale loss of phosphorus in the rainstorm process of small agricultural watershed in Hilly area. |
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| Keywords: | small agricultural watershed sediment particulate phosphorus multi-scale comparison |
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