| 北疆滴灌玉米施氮量估算及减氮增铵效应 |
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| 引用本文： | 夏文豪,刘涛,唐诚,王进,褚贵新.北疆滴灌玉米施氮量估算及减氮增铵效应[J].干旱地区农业研究,2017,35(1):79-84. |
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| 作者姓名： | 夏文豪 刘涛 唐诚 王进 褚贵新 |
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| 作者单位： | 1. 石河子大学农学院，新疆生产建设兵团绿洲生态农业重点试验室，新疆 石河子 832003;2. 乌兰乌苏农业气象试验站,新疆 石河子,832003 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家“十二五”科技支撑项目 |
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| 摘 要： | 根据产量与施氮量函数模型计算滴灌玉米施氮量,并通过减氮增铵改善滴灌玉米氮素营养,探索滴灌水氮一体化下优化施氮策略。2013—2014年两年田间试验表明:玉米产量、干物质量及氮素吸收量均随施氮量的增加显著升高,当施氮量大于435 kg·hm-2时,则呈下降趋势,表现为N435N540N330N225N0;减氮增铵处理的上述指标表现为N375+CPN37575%N375+CPN0,当施氮量在330~435 kg·hm-2时,不同处理的玉米氮素吸收量与氮素收获指数差异均不显著,说明在此范围内减氮增铵对玉米干物质积累、玉米氮素营养及产量无负面影响;根据产量与施氮量间函数关系可得天山北坡滴灌玉米经济最佳产量17 049 kg·hm-2下的施氮量为402.5kg·hm-2;施氮和增铵处理可显著增加玉米穗粒数、单穗重;氮肥偏生产力和氮肥利用率均随施氮量增加而下降,氮肥利用率表现为N225(46.6%)N330(45.8%)N435(43.6%)N540(34.6%);滴灌玉米氮肥偏生产力和氮肥利用率均以75%N375+CP处理最高,分别比施氮量在330~435 kg·hm-2之间其他处理的平均值增加了31.4%、27.9%和5.8%、6.4%,说明减氮增铵可显著提高滴灌玉米氮素养分利用效率;天山北坡滴灌玉米优化施氮量为402.5kg·hm-2,通过施用硝化抑制剂与尿素水氮一体化分次施入可实现减氮93.8 kg·hm-2,并显著提高氮肥利用率。
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| 关 键 词： | 水氮一体化 施氮量 增铵营养 氮肥利用率 滴灌玉米 |
N recommendation and decreasing usage of nitrogen and enhanced ammonium for maize under drip irrigation condition |
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| XIA Wen-hao,LIU Tao,TANG Cheng,WANG Jin,CHU Gui-xin.N recommendation and decreasing usage of nitrogen and enhanced ammonium for maize under drip irrigation condition[J].Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas,2017,35(1):79-84. |
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| Authors: | XIA Wen-hao LIU Tao TANG Cheng WANG Jin CHU Gui-xin |
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| Institution: | College of Agronomy, Shihezi University/Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecological Agriculture of Xinjiang Production and Construction Group, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, China,College of Agronomy, Shihezi University/Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecological Agriculture of Xinjiang Production and Construction Group, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, China,College of Agronomy, Shihezi University/Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecological Agriculture of Xinjiang Production and Construction Group, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, China,Wulanwusu Agro-meteorological Experiment Station, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, China and College of Agronomy, Shihezi University/Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecological Agriculture of Xinjiang Production and Construction Group, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, China |
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| Abstract: | In order to put forward an optimizing N fertilizer application strategy that achieves higher maize produc-tion as well as N utilization efficiency synchronously,two-year field plot experiment was carried out in crop growth season of 2013 and 2014 .The amount of N was calculated according to the response curve of corn yield to N rates .Meanwhile, the influence of enhanced ammonium nutrition on maize dry weight accumulation,N uptake and maize production were also determined under fertigation condition .Results showed that maize yield,dry matter quantity and N uptake were sig-nificantly increased with nitrogen rate increasing from 225 kg·hm-2 to 435 kg·hm-2,and then decreased when N fertil-izer application rate beyond 540 kg·hm-2 .Generally,these traits variation order as N435>N540>N330>N225>N0 .Fur-thermore,based on the obtained reasonable N recommendation rate in 2013,nitrapyrin was added with urea to regulate the supply ratio of NH4+/NO3-(i .e .enhanced ammonium nutrition),it was found that all above mentioned traits varia-tion trend as N375+CP>N375>75%N375+CP>N0 in 2014 .When nitrogen rate was at 330~435 kg·hm-2,there were no significant differences across all N treatments for both maize N uptake and N harvest index,indicating no nega-tive influence either on dry mater,N uptake or maize yield even if the N recommendation rate reduced by 25%and plus nitrapyrin .According to the response curve of maize yield to N application rates,the optimizing economic yield of 17 049 kg·hm-2 was achieved at N application rate of 402 .5 kg·hm-2 .Moreover,Grains per spike and single panicle weight were significantly increased by N fertilizer and nitrapyrin amendment .N fertilizer partial productivity and N using effi-ciency were decreased with increasing N application rates,and the order of nitrogen use efficiency in deferent treatments was N225(46 .6%)>N33045 .8%)>N435(43 .6%)>N540(34 .6%).The greatest values for N partial productivity and N using efficiency were observed for 75%N375+CP treatment,and these increased by 3 1 .4%and 27 .9%for N partial productivity,increased by 5 .8%and 6 .4%for N using efficiency,respectively,compared with the N application rates ranges from 330~435 kg·hm-2,supporting that maize nitrogen use efficiency could be significantly improved by reduc-ing N recommendation rate by 25%coupling with enhancing ammonium via nitrapyrin in drip irrigated condition .Over-all,the optimizing N recommendation rate was 402 .5 kg·hm-2 in drip irrigation agriculture in the area of northern Tian-shan mountain .Moreover,through urea in combination with nitrapyrin repeated supply,significantly higher N using effi-ciency could be obtained and the amount of 93 .8 kg·hm-2 could be saved,and thus,this fertilization pattern could re-garded as an optimizing strategy for N management in fertigation system . |
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| Keywords: | water and nitrogen integrated management N application rate decreasing usage of nitrogen and en-hanced ammonium nitrogen use efficiency maize under drip irrigation |
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