| 水肥调控下苹果-玉米间作系统作物生长及经济效益分析 |
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| 引用本文： | 高飞,王若水,许华森,王冬梅,杨宗儒.水肥调控下苹果-玉米间作系统作物生长及经济效益分析[J].干旱地区农业研究,2017,35(3):20-28. |
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| 作者姓名： | 高飞 王若水 许华森 王冬梅 杨宗儒 |
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| 作者单位： | 1. 北京林业大学水土保持学院,北京,100083;2. 北京林业大学水土保持学院,北京100083;山西吉县森林生态系统国家野外科学观测站,山西吉县042200;3. 山西吉县林业服务中心,山西吉县,042200 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家科技计划课题“黄土残塬区水资源节约型农林复合系统调控技术研究与示范，国家自然科学基金“果农间作系统林下太阳辐射时空分布及其对间作作物的影响，国家自然科学基金“晋西黄土区果农间作系统的水肥耦合试验研究” |
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| 摘 要： | 为了探求适用于晋西黄土区果粮间作系统的水肥管理制度,以当地典型的苹果-玉米间作系统为研究对象,通过设置二因素三水平水肥耦合试验,分析不同水肥调控下玉米灌浆期穗位叶叶绿素和叶水势相对含量及水平分布特征,从而建立灌水量、施肥量与各叶片生理指标及产量的回归关系,进一步分析各处理投入产出值及经济收益。试验设置灌水量上限三水平分别为:田间持水量(Fc)的50%(W1)、65%(W2)和85%(W3),施肥量分别为:N 289 kg·hm~(-2)+P_2O_5118 kg·hm~(-2)+K2O 118 kg·hm~(-2)(F1,70%经验施肥量)、N 412.4 kg·hm~(-2)+P_2O_5168.8 kg·hm~(-2)+K2O 168.8 kg·hm~(-2)(F2,100%经验施肥量)、N 537 kg·hm~(-2)+P_2O_5219 kg·hm~(-2)+K2O 219kg·hm~(-2)(F3,130%经验施肥量)。结果表明:水肥调控对植物叶绿素含量影响较小,对叶水势影响较大;随着施肥量的增加,植物叶水势、叶面积指数及产量均逐渐减小;不同水肥调控措施通过种间竞争对叶片生理参数产生的影响不同。玉米叶绿素随着距树行距离的增加而逐渐递增,不同灌溉水平对距树不同距离处玉米叶水势影响差异较大。多元回归分析结果显示:当全生育期氮肥施用量为289 kg·hm~(-2)、磷肥施用量为118 kg·hm~(-2)、钾肥施用量为118 kg·hm~(-2),间作系统可获得较高的产量,理论最大值分别为10 133.50 kg·hm~(-2)、10 205.90 kg·hm~(-2)。在本次试验设计范围内采用全生育期灌水上限设定值为田间持水量的50%,总施肥量为525 kg·hm~(-2)(F1,70%经验施肥量)的水肥管理制度可使间作系统净收益最高,可达10 470.38元·hm~(-2)。因此,低量灌水和施肥不仅可使系统净收益最大,还可避免盲目施肥和灌溉造成的环境污染和资源浪费,是最有利于晋西黄土区果粮间作系统的水肥管理制度。
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| 关 键 词： | 水肥耦合 果粮间作 叶绿素 叶水势 产量 净收益 |
Analysis of crop growth and economic benefit in an apple-maize intercropping system under water and fertilizer coupling |
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| GAO Fei,WANG Ruo-shui,XU Hua-sen,WANG Dong-mei,YANG Zong-ru.Analysis of crop growth and economic benefit in an apple-maize intercropping system under water and fertilizer coupling[J].Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas,2017,35(3):20-28. |
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| Authors: | GAO Fei WANG Ruo-shui XU Hua-sen WANG Dong-mei YANG Zong-ru |
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| Abstract: | In order to investigate the effects of water and fertilizer coupling on physiological index of leaves,yield and economic benefit in an apple-maize intercropping system,an experiment of water and fertilizer coupling was carried out in the Loess Plateau of Shanxi Province.The irrigation regimes were established by three threshold levels of soil moisture as follows:W1,50％ field capacity (50％ Fc);W2,65％ field capacity (65％ Fc);W3,85％ field capacity (85％ Fc).Meanwhile,three fertilizer levels were also set up in this experiment,including F1,N(289 kg· hm-2) + P2O5(118 kg·hm-2) +K2O(118 kg·hm-2),F2,N (412.4 kg·hm-2) + P2O5(168.8 kg·hm-2) + K2O (168.8 kg·hm-2),and F3,N(537 kg·hm-2) + P2O5(219 kg·hm-2) + K2O(219 kg·hm-2).The results are summarized as follows:Irrigation and fertilization had no significant effect on chlorophyll content while significant effects were found on leaf water potential.The leaf water potential,leaf area index,maize yield all decreased with the increasing of fertilizer rate;while chlorophyll content increased with the increasing of the distance from the tree line.Different irrigation levels had considerable influences on the horizontal distributions of leaf water potential.According to the analysis of multiple regression,the maximum maize yield could obtained when 289kg· hm-2 nitrogen fertilizer,118 kg· hm-2 phosphorus fertilizer,118 kg· hm-2 potassium fertilizer was applied during the whole stages.The theoretical maximum yield can be 10 133.50 kg· hm-2,10 205.90 kg· hm-2.According to the results of economic benefit analysis,the maximum economic benefit could obtained when no fertilizer applied at jointing stage,262.5 kg· hm-2 fertilizer applied at tasseling stage and filling stage and irrigating water upper limits (about 85％ field capacity).The net income can be 10 470.38 yuan· hm-2.Therefore,the treatment with relatively low amount of irrigation water and applied fertilizer can not only obtain the maximum economic benefit but also can avoid the pollution to soil and underground water and resource waste caused by unreasonable fertilization and irrigation.Accordingly,it was the most economical and environmental irrigation and fertilizer regulation method for the apple-maize intercropping system. |
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| Keywords: | water and fertilizer regulating apple-maize intercropping system chlorophyll leaf water potential yield net income |
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