| 滴灌方式及灌溉定额对酿酒葡萄生长、产量及品质的影响 |
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| 引用本文： | 杨凡,田军仓,朱和,闫新房.滴灌方式及灌溉定额对酿酒葡萄生长、产量及品质的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2021(2). |
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| 作者姓名： | 杨凡 田军仓 朱和 闫新房 |
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| 作者单位： | 宁夏大学土木与水利工程学院;宁夏节水灌溉与水资源调控工程技术研究中心;旱区现代农业水资源高效利用教育部工程研究中心 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家重点研发计划课题(2018YFC0408104);宁夏重点研发计划重大项目(2018BBF02022);宁夏高等学校一流学科建设项目(NXYLXK2017A03)。 |
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| 摘 要： | 【目的】探究适宜的酿酒葡萄滴灌方案。【方法】采用二因素三水平随机区组试验,滴灌方式设置3个水平:无膜滴灌(A1)、膜上滴灌(A2)和膜下滴灌(A3),生育期灌溉定额因素设置3个水平:高水(W1)、中水(W2)和低水(W3),共计9个处理,研究了不同滴灌方式及灌溉定额对酿酒葡萄生长、光合、产量和品质的影响。【结果】覆膜措施及适量提高灌溉定额均能有效促进酿酒葡萄的生长发育。其中膜下滴灌的促进效果更加明显,新梢长及新梢茎粗的平均水平分别比无膜滴灌处理高4.49%和6.77%。随着灌溉定额的增加,酿酒葡萄的百粒质量和产量逐渐增大。膜下滴灌和膜上滴灌处理产量的平均值分别比无膜滴灌处理增加48.26%和20.26%。膜下滴灌方式对应的糖酸比在35.23~43.32范围内,较其他滴灌方式在合理范围内。【结论】综合考虑得出,在贺兰山东麓砾石土种植区生育期降雨量为126.3mm的条件下,采用膜下滴灌方式和灌溉定额为2295m3/hm2组合时,酿酒葡萄生长、产量及品质指标均较好。在贺兰山东麓地区,若灌溉定额不变(即灌溉定额为2295m3/hm2)时,调整灌水5~7次,其膜下滴灌灌溉制度更为适宜。
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| 关 键 词： | 贺兰山东麓 酿酒葡萄 滴灌 灌溉定额 品质 |
The Effect of Irrigation Amount and Drip Irrigation Methods on Growth,Yield and Quality of Wine Grape |
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| YANG Fan,TIAN Juncang,ZHU He,YAN Xinfang.The Effect of Irrigation Amount and Drip Irrigation Methods on Growth,Yield and Quality of Wine Grape[J].Journal of Irrigation and Drainage,2021(2). |
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| Authors: | YANG Fan TIAN Juncang ZHU He YAN Xinfang |
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| Institution: | (School of Civil and Hydraulic Engineering,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,China;Engineering Technology Research Center of Water-saving and Water Resource Regulation in Ningxia,Yinchuan 750021,China;Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Modern Agricultural Water Resources in Arid Regions,Ministry of Education,Yinchuan 750021,China) |
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| Abstract: | 【Background】The eastern foot of Helan Mountain in Ningxia is thought to be one of the most suitable“golden zones”for wine grape in the world,and a large-scale grape cultivation corridor has been proposed to be built with drip irrigation tipped as the most suitable irrigation method in this region.While the benefits of different drip irrigation methods to grape growth have been studied,most of them focused on comparison with traditional furrow irrigations under different irrigation amounts.In contrast,there is a paucity of studies on how different drip irrigation methods and irrigation amounts combine to affect wine grape growth and the fruit quality.【Objective】Considering gravel texture of the soil in this region,this paper is to plug this gap in attempts to find the most suitable irrigation amount and drip irrigation system for industrial-scale production of wine-grape in this region.In particular,we focus on how different drip irrigation methods and irrigation amounts impact growth,yield and quality of the wine grape.【Method】The experiment was conducted in a field,and it considered three factors:mulching,drip irrigation method and irrigation amount.Combining the first two factors,there were three irrigation methods:drip irrigation without mulching(A1),drip irrigation above the mulching film(A2)and drip irrigation underneath the mulching film.Added to these three irrigation methods were three irrigation amounts:high(W1),middle(W2)and low(W3).Overall,there were nine treatments which were designed using the randomized block experiment.In each treatment,we measured growth,photosynthesis,yield and fruit quality of the wine grape.【Result】Both mulched drip irrigation and increasing irrigation amount can promote growth and development of the wine grape,with the average new shoot length and stem diameter increasing by 4.49%and 6.77%,respectively,compared to drip irrigation without mulch.With irrigation amount increasing,both the 100-fruit weight and yield of the grape increased gradually,with average yield of the drip irrigation underneath and above the film increasing by 48.26%and 20.26%respectively,compared to irrigation without mulch.The sugar acid ratio of the grape irrigated underneath the film was in the range of 35.23~43.32,more reasonable than those under other drip irrigation methods.【Conclusion】With annual rainfall of only 126.3mm,irrigating 2295m3/hm2 of water in 5~7 times with the much film covering the drip emitters is optimal for growth,yield and quality of the wine grape grown in the gravel soils in eastern foot of the Helan Mountain. |
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| Keywords: | Eastern foot of the Helan Mountain wine grape drip irrigation irrigation amount film mulching |
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