Runoff,sediment and nutrient losses from various tillage systems of cotton |
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| Institution: | 1. Agricultural Engineering Department, Alabama Agricultural Experiment Statation, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849 USA;2. Agronomy and Soils Department, Alabama Agricultural Experiment Station, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, U.S.A.;1. Department of Soil Science, College of Agriculture, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Rafsanjan, Iran;2. Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Rafsanjan, Iran;3. Department of Natural Resources, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran;1. Department of Soil and Water Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA;2. National Soil Resources Institute, Cranfield University, Cranfield, Bedfordskhire, MK43 0AL, UK;3. College of Hydrology and Water Resource, Hohai University, Xikang Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210098, China;4. Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA;1. Department of Respiratory Medicine, Academic Medical Centre (AMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands;2. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Academic Medical Centre (AMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands;1. Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children''s Hospital Research Foundation, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229-3026, United States;2. School of Electronics and Computing Systems, University of Cincinnati, 497 Rhodes Hall, Cincinnati, OH 45221, United States;3. School of Computing Sciences and Informatics, University of Cincinnati, 810 Old Chemistry, Cincinnati, OH 45221-0008, United States;4. Department of Environmental Health, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, 231 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0524, United States;1. Center for Ecology and Hydrology, Wallingford, Oxfordshire, UK;2. Somerset Drainage Board Consortium, Highbridge, Somerset, UK |
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| Abstract: | Runoff, sediment and nutrient losses were studied from 3 tillage systems of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L. ‘McNair 235’): (1) no-till without a cover crop (NT); (2) reduced-till with a winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L. ‘Coker 747’) as a cover crop (RTC); (3) conventional-till (CT) in the Tennessee Valley of north Alabama during the 1985 growing season. Runoff samples were collected from natural rainfall events and analyzed for sediment and nutrient losses.Among the 3 tillage systems the RTC system was the most effective in reducing the surface runoff, sediment and nutrient losses while maintaining comparable crop yield. Runoff and sediment concentrations from the CT system were high during the “critical period” (from planting to the last cultivation of the CT system). During the “non-critical period” (between the last cultivation of the CT system to harvesting) sediment concentrations from all tillage systems were relatively low even with high-runoff events. Summer cultivations reduced both surface runoff and sediment concentrations from the CT system. This may signify that a combination of conservation tillage and summer cultivation has the potential for controlling weeds without enhancing soil erosion.Concentration of ammonium nitrogen (NH4-N) and soluble-phosphorus concentration in surface runoff were higher than the recommended standard level for public water supplies and the growth of algae, respectively. Concentration of nitrate nitrogen (NO3-N) in the surface runoff was well within the upper limit for drinking water. |
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