| 我国花生根瘤菌技术应用与研究进展 |
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| 引用本文： | 周平贞,胡济生.我国花生根瘤菌技术应用与研究进展[J].土壤学报,1990,27(4):353-360. |
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| 作者姓名： | 周平贞 胡济生 |
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| 作者单位： | 中国农业科学院油料作物研究所;中国农业科学院土壤肥料研究所 |
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| 摘 要： | 花生根瘤菌技术应用与研究在我国已有30多年的历史,1949—1955年的资料已有总结。本文是总结1956—1985年的资料,30年来接种面积累积达3425.2万亩。1256次试验,增产5%以上的占试验总数90.9%;每亩增产花生10—35公斤的占试验总数81.8%。选育出一批优良菌株,其中以009、97-1和C1菌株应用面积最大,达300万亩以上。菌剂生产有固体或液体培养,用草炭吸附,每克菌剂含活菌数1—2亿。接种技术普遍采用直接拌种,也有再用石膏等球化技术,一般球化比直接拌种增产。深施接种或幼苗接种也有增产效果。细沙壤土接种效果最好。接种后用地膜覆盖可获良好增产。亩施2—3公斤氮素不影响结瘤固氮,可提高花生产量。缺磷条件下增施磷肥,能提高接种效果。用钼酸铵和根瘤菌拌种可促进菌剂的增产作用。
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| 关 键 词： | 花生 根瘤菌技术 应用 研究 |
RECENT ADVANCE IN STUDY OF RHIZOBIUM INOCULATION TECHNOLOGY IN GROUNDNUT PRODUCTION OF CHINA |
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| Zhou Pingzhen and Hu Jisheng.RECENT ADVANCE IN STUDY OF RHIZOBIUM INOCULATION TECHNOLOGY IN GROUNDNUT PRODUCTION OF CHINA[J].Acta Pedologica Sinica,1990,27(4):353-360. |
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| Authors: | Zhou Pingzhen and Hu Jisheng |
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| Institution: | Institute of Oil Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan;Institute of Soil and Fertilixer, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing |
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| Abstract: | The application and study of Rhizobium inoculation technology in groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) production have been performed in People's Republic of China for over 30 years. This paper summarizes the studied results during 1956-1985 when the inoculated groundnut area had increased to 2.28 million ha in China. The yield increase of groundnut generally accounted for 354 kg/ha, being equivalent to an increment of 13.4%, and the profit/input is about 40:1.Of the 1,256 experimental sites, 90.9% obtained a yield increase of above 5%, and 81.8% had an net yield increase of 150-525 kg/ha, being very significant in the statistical evaluation. Some promising strains including 009, 97-1 and C1 have been extensively screened, field evaluaced and put to commercial inoculant production and now have an applying area of more than 0.2 million ha/year. There are chiefly two inoculant production methods: (1) liquid culture in fermentor; (2) agar surface culture scrapted and agitated into suspension. Either (1) or (2) is impregnated with partially sterilized peat carrier which contains 1-2×108 ells/g.Seed dressing of inoculant is generally adopted and inoculants pelleted with gypsum, lime or rock phosphates are also used. Granular application and top dressing of inoculants may increase the yield of groundnut. Inoculation seems best suitable for sandy loam soils. Plastic sheet covering may increase the effect of inoculation. Application of 300-450 kg/ha N-fertilizer can improve nitrogen fixation and nodulation. In soils deficient in phosphorus, the effect of inoculation can be enhanced by the supplemental application of phosphate fertilizer. Also, in some cases, ammonium molybdate will increase the effect of inoculation on groundnut yield. |
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