| 草原放牧系统的类型与生产力 |
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| 引用本文： | 侯扶江,宁娇,冯琦胜.草原放牧系统的类型与生产力[J].草业科学,2016,33(3):353-367. |
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| 作者姓名： | 侯扶江 宁娇 冯琦胜 |
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| 作者单位： | 草地农业生态系统国家重点实验室，兰州大学草地农业科技学院，甘肃 兰州 730020;兰州大学草地农业科技学院,甘肃 兰州,730020 |
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| 基金项目： | 科技部科技基础性工作专项“我国温带草原重点牧区草地资源退化状况与成因调查”(2012FY1119000)，国家科技支撑计划课题(2012BAD13B05)，长江学者和创新团队发展计划(IRT13019) |
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| 摘 要： | 根据草原综合顺序分类法(Comprehensive and Sequential Classification System,CSCS)划分了高寒、荒漠、半荒漠、亚热带森林灌丛、典型草原、草甸草原、温带森林灌丛、热带森林灌丛8个类型的放牧系统。放牧系统经历了原始游牧、粗放游牧、过度放牧和现代化放牧4个演替阶段,根据3个类型放牧系统生产力长期动态,我国主体仍为过度放牧系统,但开始向现代化放牧系统转变。我国放牧系统生产力平均18.04APU·hm~(-2),总计63.50亿APU,每年可产肉295.9万t。我国放牧系统存在结构性超载,即整体超载,但是部分区域、部分季节存在放牧利用不足。目前,我国草原增产潜力为0.5~2倍,关键途径是实现草原放牧系统的现代化转型。
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| 关 键 词： | 草原 放牧系统类型 生产力 草原综合顺序分类法 畜产品单位 过度放牧 |
The type and productivity of grassland grazing system |
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| Hou Fu-jiang,Ning Jiao,Feng Qi-sheng.The type and productivity of grassland grazing system[J].Pratacultural Science,2016,33(3):353-367. |
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| Authors: | Hou Fu-jiang Ning Jiao Feng Qi-sheng |
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| Abstract: | According to the Comprehensive and Sequential Classification System(CSCS),the grazing system is classified into eight categories as alpine steppe,desert,semi-desert,subtropical forest shrub,typical steppe, meadow steppe,temperate forest shrub and tropical forest shrub.The succession stages of grazing systems are original nomadism,extensive nomadism,overgrazing and modern grazing.According to long-term productivity dynamic of three grazing systems,China is still in the overgrazing stage,and converting to modern farming system.Average production capacity of grazing system in China is 18.04 APU?ha—1 ,and the total production capacity is 6.35 billion APU.The national meat production is 2.959 million t?a—1 .The grazing system was structurally overloaded in China,namely the overall overload.Meanwhile,there are still potential increase in seasonal utilization in some region.At present,the potential to increase grassland productivity potential is about 0.5 to 2 times in China,the key measure is the transform into the modern grazing systems in China. |
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| Keywords: | grassland grazing system type productivity CSCS animal product unit overgrazing |
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