Combining Glyphosate With Burning or Mowing Improves Control of Yellow Bluestem (Bothriochloa ischaemum) |
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| Authors: | Scott Robertson Karen R Hickman Keith R Harmoney David M Leslie |
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| Institution: | 1. Research Assistant, Department of Natural Resource Ecology and Management, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA.;2. Professor, Department of Natural Resource Ecology and Management, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA.;3. Range Scientist, Kansas State University Agricultural Research Center, Hays, KS 67601, USA.;4. Unit Leader, US Geological Survey, Oklahoma Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA.;1. Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Processes, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 11A Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China;2. School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia;1. Graduate Research Assistant, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA.;2. Associate Research Professor, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA.;1. Research Scientist, Department of Animal and Range Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA;2. Professor, Department of Animal and Range Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA;3. Research Associate, Department of Animal and Range Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA |
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| Abstract: | The invasive yellow bluestem (Bothriochloa ischaemum L.] Keng) threatens native biodiversity, and its control is of interest to land managers involved in restoration of invaded grasslands. We used single, double, and triple applications of glyphosate (2.125 kg ai · ha?1 · application?1) over the course of one growing season in combinations at different timings (early, middle, late season) with and without a mechanical treatment of mowing or burning to determine the most effective control method. One year after treatment, burning and mowing prior to a mid-season single or double early, middle, and/or late season herbicide application resulted in a similar level of control of yellow bluestem relative to a triple herbicide application, all of which had greater control relative to herbicide treatment alone. Reproductive tiller density and visual obstruction increased 2 yr after treatment with two herbicide treatments applied either early and middle season or early and late season, but it was prevented with burning and mowing prior to herbicide application. With the exception of three herbicide applications, combining burning or mowing with herbicide applications provided more effective control of yellow bluestem than any individual herbicide applications. Burning or mowing likely improves glyphosate effectiveness by altering the invasive grass structure so that plants are clear of standing dead and have shorter, active regrowth to enhance herbicide effectiveness. During restoration projects requiring control of invasive yellow bluestem, an effective management option is a combination of mechanical and chemical control. |
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