| 不同气候和土壤条件下秸秆腐解过程中养分的释放特征及其影响因素 |
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| 引用本文： | 李昌明,王晓玥,孙 波.不同气候和土壤条件下秸秆腐解过程中养分的释放特征及其影响因素[J].土壤学报,2017,54(5):1206-1217. |
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| 作者姓名： | 李昌明 王晓玥 孙 波 |
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| 作者单位： | 1. 土壤与农业可持续发展国家重点实验室(中国科学院南京土壤研究所),南京 210008;中国科学院大学,北京 100049;2. 土壤与农业可持续发展国家重点实验室(中国科学院南京土壤研究所),南京,210008 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家重点研发计划（2016YFD0200309）、中国科学院战略性先导科技专项（XDB15030200)、中国科学院科技服务网络计划（KFJ-SW-STS-142）资助 |
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| 摘 要： | 农田土壤中秸秆腐解伴随氮磷钾养分的释放是重要的生物地球化学过程,也是秸秆还田替代化肥养分的基础。了解不同农区秸秆分解过程中的养分释放动态,揭示秸秆、气候和土壤条件的交互作用机制,是制定秸秆还田合理措施的理论基础。基于寒温带-暖温带-中亚热带的黑土、潮土、红壤互置试验平台,研究了小麦、玉米秸秆在3年腐解过程中养分释放过程和影响因素。结果表明,秸秆中养分释放速率的大小顺序为KPN;秸秆中氮素和磷素在寒温带以及在红壤和潮土中表现为先富集再释放特征,在暖温带、中亚热带以及黑土中表现为直接释放特征;秸秆中钾素均表现为直接快速释放特征,在腐解0.5 a平均释放率达89.5%。气候和土壤条件主导了氮磷的释放,其相对平均贡献率分别为19.5%和15.2%。在腐解后期(2~3 a)气候、土壤和秸秆因素对养分释放的贡献率30%,说明土壤生物因素可能起了主导作用。
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| 关 键 词： | 秸秆 腐解过程 养分释放 气候条件 土壤类型 |
| 收稿时间： | 2016/5/5 0:00:00 |
| 修稿时间： | 2017/3/24 0:00:00 |
Characteristics of Nutrient Release and Its Affecting Factors during Plant Residue Decomposition under Different Climate and Soil Conditions |
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| LI Changming,WANG Xiaoyue and SUN Bo.Characteristics of Nutrient Release and Its Affecting Factors during Plant Residue Decomposition under Different Climate and Soil Conditions[J].Acta Pedologica Sinica,2017,54(5):1206-1217. |
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| Authors: | LI Changming WANG Xiaoyue and SUN Bo |
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| Institution: | Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences,State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture (Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences),State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture (Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences) |
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| Abstract: | Objective]Nutrient release during the decomposition of organic materials in soils is an important process in the nutrient element biogeochemical cycle,which could be used as substitute for chemical fertilizer. It is a fundamental to build the best straw returning practices to know the coupling characteristics and mechanism for nutrient release during straw decomposition under different climate and soil conditions.Method]In this study,we transplanted neutral black soil(Phaeozem),alkaline chao soil (Cambisol)and acidic red soil(Acrisol)in cold-temperate,warm-temperate and mid-subtropical zones, respectively and setup the Soil Reciprocal Transplant Experiment. Wheat and maize straws were packed in 200-mesh nylon bags and buried at the depth of 10~20 cm in three types of soils in parallel in three climate regions,and then sampled at 0.5-,1-,2- and 3-years of decomposition. The effects of climate, soil and straw condition on nitrogen(N),phosphorus(P)and potassium(K)release associated with the decomposition were examined.Result]The results showed similar releasing patterns for nitrogen and phosphorus. In cold temperature zone,the N and P nutrients released in the pattern of an enrichment stage followed by a release stage,while in warm temperature and subtropical zones they showed a continuously release pattern. The N and P released directly in Phaeozem but enriched firstly then released in Cambisol and Acrisol. The K were released directly during the 3-year decomposition,and the mean K release rate (FtK,percentage of total K in wheat straw or maize stalk residue to that in the straw applied)amounted to 89.5%±1.1% in the first half year. During the 3-year decomposition,the nutrient release rate decreased followed the sequence of K>P≈N. Climate conditions contributed to 19.5%±5.3% and 19.5%±5.0% of variation for N and P release amount,while soil conditions to 16.6%±6.5% and 13.8%±7.0%,respectively. Meanwhile the contribution of climate and soil conditions to the variation of nitrogen and phosphorus release amount decreased with the decomposition going on. The K release was significantly but slightly affected by the straw conditions which contributed to only about 2.23%±0.07% of variation. Among the interaction effect of these factors,the climate × straw and soil × straw affected significantly the N and P release amount. At later decomposition stages(2-3 years of decomposition),the total contribution of all factors(climate, soil and straw)to the variation of the nutrient release was less than 30%,which suggested that the other environmental factors,especially the biological factor,may play an important role during the process of nutrient releasing. The stepwise regression equations between nutrient release rate and climate,soil and straw factors were YtN= -3.41 -0.40C/N +0.49TN +0.43AT(R2=0.67,p=0.001),YtP= -83.73 +0.49RH +0.42TN+0.25N/P(R2= 0.47,p=0.003),and YtK= 2574.39 -0.87C/N -0.33N/P -0.30RH(R2=0.62,p=0.002) for N,P and K,respectively. In which,AT stands for annual mean temperature;RH for relative humidity;C/N for carbon/nitrogen in straw;TN for soil total nitrogen content;N/P for nitrogen/phosphorus in straw.Conclusion]In general,during the 3-year decomposition of wheat and maize straw under different climate and soil conditions,the N and P were released mainly in the pattern of an enrichment stage followed by a release stage,or in a continuously release pattern. However,the K was released all in a direct and faster pattern. The climate and soil conditions are the main controlling factors for N and P release,while the straw quality was the main factor influencing the K release. |
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| Keywords: | Straw Decomposition Nutrient release Climate condition Soil type |
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