| 不同畦宽灌溉对小麦耗水特性和产量及水分利用效率的影响 |
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| 引用本文： | 马尚宇,于振文,张永丽,赵俊晔,石玉,王东.不同畦宽灌溉对小麦耗水特性和产量及水分利用效率的影响[J].中国农业科学,2014,47(8):1531-1540. |
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| 作者姓名： | 马尚宇 于振文 张永丽 赵俊晔 石玉 王东 |
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| 作者单位： | 1、山东农业大学农学院/农业部作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室，山东泰安 271018；
2、中国农业科学院农业信息研究所，北京 100081 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金项目(31171498、31101115) |
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| 摘 要： | 【目的】研究高产条件下不同畦宽灌溉对小麦耗水特性和产量及水分利用效率的影响，为小麦节水高产栽培提供理论依据。【方法】于2010-2011年和2011-2012年小麦生长季，在山东兖州小孟镇史家王子村（35°24′N, 116°24′E）高产麦田以高产冬小麦品种济麦22为试验材料，在地表纵向比降为2.09‰、畦长为60 m条件下，设置1.0、1.5、2.0和2.5 m 4个畦宽处理，分别用W10、W15、W20和W25表示，各处理均在拔节期用水龙带从机井口引水至畦首灌水，水龙带出水口安装水表计量灌水量。改口成数为90%。将畦田沿灌水水流方向划分为0-20、20-40和40-60 m 3个区间，用烘干法测定土壤含水量，研究不同畦宽灌溉对小麦耗水特性和产量及水分利用效率的影响。【结果】（1）2010-2011生长季，W20的总耗水量、灌水量及其占总耗水量的比例显著低于其它处理，降水量占总耗水量的比例显著高于其它处理；土壤贮水消耗量占总耗水量的比例与W15无显著差异，显著高于W10处理，在100-160 cm土层的土壤贮水消耗量显著高于W10和W15，与W25无显著差异。2011-2012生长季，W20的总耗水量与其它处理无显著差异，灌水量及其占总耗水量的比例显著低于其它处理；降水量和土壤贮水消耗量占总耗水量的比例与其他处理无显著差异；100-160 cm土层土壤贮水消耗量显著高于W15，与W25处理无显著差异。（2）两生长季，W20拔节期灌水后畦内平均土壤相对含水量与W15和W25无显著差异，显著低于W10处理；开花期畦内平均土壤相对含水量显著高于其它处理。W20开花至成熟期的耗水模系数显著高于其它处理。（3）两生长季，W20拔节期灌水后和开花期畦内各区间平均土壤相对含水量的变异系数显著低于其它处理，土壤水分分布均匀；各区间籽粒产量变异系数最小，平均籽粒产量显著高于其它处理；水分利用效率和灌溉水利用效率最高。【结论】综合考虑籽粒产量、水分利用效率和灌溉水利用效率，W20处理是本试验条件下兼顾高产与节水的最优畦宽处理。
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| 关 键 词： | 畦宽 小麦 耗水特性 产量 水分利用效率 |
| 收稿时间： | 2013-07-29 |
Effect of Field Border Width for Irrigation on Water Consumption Characteristics,Yield and Water Use Efficiency of Wheat |
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| MA Shang-Yu-,YU Zhen-Wen-,ZHANG Yong-Li-,ZHAO Jun-Ye-,SHI Yu-,WANG Dong-.Effect of Field Border Width for Irrigation on Water Consumption Characteristics,Yield and Water Use Efficiency of Wheat[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2014,47(8):1531-1540. |
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| Authors: | MA Shang-Yu- YU Zhen-Wen- ZHANG Yong-Li- ZHAO Jun-Ye- SHI Yu- WANG Dong- |
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| Institution: | 1、College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System, Ministry of Agriculture, Tai’an 271018, Shandong;
2、Agricultural Information Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081 |
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| Abstract: | 【Objective】 The objective of this experiment was to study the effects of different border widths for irrigation on water consumption characteristics, grain yield and water use efficiency of wheat, and to provide a theoretical basis for water-saving and high-yielding cultivation of wheat. 【Method】 With the high-yielding winter wheat cultivar Jimai22 as the test material, a field experiment was conducted under high-fertilized and 2.09‰ surface longitudinal slope conditions in Shiwang village (35°24′N, 116°24′E), Yanzhou, Shandong, by using four field border widths designed as 1.0 m (W10), 1.5 m (W15), 2.0 m (W20) and 2.5 m (W25), respectively, with the same border length of 60 m during the 2010-2011 and 2011-2012 wheat growing seasons. All the treatments were irrigated at jointing stage and the inflow cutoff was designed as 90%. Water was supplied by a pump outlet, directing the water to the plots by using plastic pipes. A flow meter was used to measure the amount of water applied. Water consumption characteristics, yield and water use efficiency of wheat were analyzed by dividing the field border into three regions of 0-20 m, 20-40 m and 40-60 m. 【Result】 In 2010-2011 wheat growing season, the W20 treatment showed that the total water consumption amount, irrigation amount and the ratio of irrigation amount to total water consumption amount were significantly lower than other treatments. However, the ratio of precipitation amount to total water consumption amount was the highest among all treatments. In addition, the ratio of soil water consumption amount to total water consumption amount was significantly higher than that of W10, but no difference with W15, and soil water consumption amount in 100-160 cm soil layers was higher than that of W10 and W15 treatments, but no difference with the W25 treatment. In 2011-2012 growing season, the total water consumption of W20 treatment had no significant difference with other treatments, and the irrigation amount and its ratio to total water consumption amount were significantly lower than those of other treatments, while the ratio of precipitation amount and soil water consumption amount to total water consumption amount had no differences with other treatments, and soil water consumption amount in 100-160 cm soil layers was significantly higher than the W15 treatment, but no difference with the W25 treatment. In both growing seasons, after irrigated at jointing stage, the average relative soil water contents of W20 showed no significant difference with W15 and W25, while it was significantly higher than other treatments at anthesis stage. From anthesis to maturity, the water consumption percentage of W20 was significantly higher than other treatments. After irrigated at jointing and anthesis stages, the soil water of W20 treatment distributed more uniformly in different regions of the same border than other treatments, because the coefficient of variability of the average relative soil water contents in different regions was the lowest. The coefficient of variability of the grain yield in different region was the lowest. As for the average grain yield, the W20 treatment was significantly higher than those of other treatments. Also the W20 treatment got the highest water use efficiency and irrigation water use efficiency. 【Conclusion】Considering the grain yield, water use efficiency and irrigation water use efficiency, the W20 treatment was considered to be the best field border width for water-saving and high-yield in this study. |
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| Keywords: | field border width winter wheat water consumption characteristics yield water use efficiency |
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