| 漫灌和滴灌棉花土壤有效磷丰缺指标与临界值研究 |
| |
| 引用本文： | 李青军,张炎,哈丽哈什·依巴提,冯固.漫灌和滴灌棉花土壤有效磷丰缺指标与临界值研究[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2018,24(4):927-934. |
| |
| 作者姓名： | 李青军 张炎 哈丽哈什·依巴提 冯固 |
| |
| 作者单位： | 1.中国农业大学资源与环境学院，北京 100193 |
| |
| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金项目（41161039）；国家重点研发计划（2017YFD0201904，2016YFD0200102）资助。 |
| |
| 摘 要： | 【目的】 土壤有效磷含量是棉花施用磷肥的重要依据，由于连续多年施用磷肥，新疆棉花土壤有效磷含量有较大幅度的增加，但对棉花土壤有效磷的评价仍然使用以前的标准，磷肥推荐用量不能适应棉花生产。因此，明确土壤有效磷的临界值，能为有效指导棉花合理施用磷肥提供理论依据。 【方法】 选择新疆281个试验点，建立缺磷区相对产量与土壤有效磷含量之间的关系，进行对数方程模拟，分别将相对产量带入相应的对数方程，求出对应的土壤有效磷分级指标值，同时采用线性 + 平台模型拟合求出土壤有效磷临界值，根据有效磷分级推荐施用磷肥。 【结果】 对棉花产量和土壤有效磷的相关性进行直线、指数和对数模拟，3种回归方程的相关系数都达到了1%显著水平，其决定系数R2分别为0.500、0.470和0.590，以对数回归方程相关性最高。采用线性 + 平台模型拟合棉花相对籽棉产量和土壤有效磷的关系，棉花相对籽棉产量对土壤有效磷含量的反应分成2段，拐点即为土壤有效磷临界值，此时棉花土壤有效磷的临界值为22.0 mg/kg。当土壤有效磷 ≥ 22.0 mg/kg时，y = 93.77，表明随土壤有效磷的增加，棉花相对籽棉产量不变，此时施用磷肥几乎没有增产作用；当土壤有效磷 < 22.0 mg/kg时， y = 62.86 + 1.405x，施磷肥可以促进棉花增产 (R2 = 0.63**)。棉花的磷肥利用率随土壤有效磷含量的增加而大幅度降低。当土壤有效磷 < 5 mg/kg时，漫灌条件下磷肥的利用率为25.7%，滴灌为21.6%，二者差异不显著；当土壤有效磷5～12 mg/kg时，漫灌和滴灌条件下磷肥的利用率也没有显著差异；当土壤有效磷12～25 mg/kg时，滴灌条件下磷肥的利用率为15.0%，比漫灌显著增加4.6个百分点；当土壤有效磷为25～38 mg/kg和> 38 mg/kg时，漫灌和滴灌条件下磷肥的利用率差异又变得不显著。不论漫灌和滴灌，棉花磷肥的平均利用率约为15.9%。 【结论】 根据棉花相对产量的 < 70%、70%～80%、80%～90%、90%～95%、> 95%，将土壤有效磷划分为5个等级，即 < 5 mg/kg、5～12 mg/kg、12～25 mg/kg、25～38 mg/kg和 > 38 mg/kg，土壤有效磷临界值为22.0 mg/kg。漫灌条件下磷肥的平均利用率为15.2%，而滴灌条件下磷肥的平均利用率为17.1%，差异不显著。棉花土壤有效磷丰缺指标为极低、低、中、高、极高，获得了土壤有效磷临界值及不同棉花产量下的推荐施磷量。
|
| 关 键 词： | 漫灌 滴灌 棉花 土壤 有效磷丰缺指标 临界值 |
| 收稿时间： | 2017-11-07 |
Abundance index and critical level of phosphorus in cotton soils under flooding and drip irrigation |
| |
| LI Qing-jun,ZHANG Yan,Harlhax Yibat,FENG Gu.Abundance index and critical level of phosphorus in cotton soils under flooding and drip irrigation[J].Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science,2018,24(4):927-934. |
| |
| Authors: | LI Qing-jun ZHANG Yan Harlhax Yibat FENG Gu |
| |
| Institution: | 1.College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China |
| |
| Abstract: | 【Objectives】 Content of Olsen-P in soil is an important basis for phosphate fertilizer application on cotton. Olsen-P in cotton soils in Xinjiang has increased greatly because of the application of phosphate fertilizers for many years. The old standard was used to evaluate the Olsen-P status in cotton soils, and the recommended rates of P fertilizer could not adapt to cotton production. Therefore, the critical level of soil Olsen-P was determined to provide theoretical basis for managing phosphate fertilizers on cotton. 【Methods】 Relationship between the relative yield and soil Olsen-P was established basing on 281 test sites in Xinjiang, and a logarithmic equation model was obtained. The relative yield was taken into the corresponding logarithmic equation, and the corresponding soil Olsen-P classification indexes value were obtained. At the same time, the critical level of soil Olsen-P was calculated by linear + platform model fitting. Phosphate fertilizer was recommended according to the Olsen-P deficiency index. 【Results】 The correlation between cotton yields and soil Olsen-P contents was regressed with linear, exponential and logarithmic models. All the correlation coefficients of the 3 regression equations reached 1% significant level, with the R2 of 0.500, 0.470 and 0.590, respectively. The logarithmic regression equation gave the highest correlation. The relationship between relative cotton yield and soil Olsen-P content was fitted by linear + platform model. The response of relative seed cotton yield to soil Olsen-P content was divided into two stages. The inflection point was the critical level of soil Olsen-P, and the threshold of soil Olsen-P was 22.0 mg/kg. When soil Olsen-P ≥ 22.0 mg/kg, y = 93.77, showed that relative yield of cotton was constant with the increase of soil Olsen-P, and application of phosphate fertilizer almost did not increase the yield. When the soil Olsen-P < 22.0 mg/kg, y = 62.86 + 1.405x, phosphorus fertilizer could promote cotton yield (R2 = 0.63**). The phosphorus utilization rate of cotton decreased with the increase of soil Olsen-P. When the soil Olsen-P < 5 mg/kg, phosphate fertilizer utilization rates had no significant difference between flood and drip irrigation, which were 25.7% and 21.6%, respectively. When the soil Olsen-P was 5?12 mg/kg, the phosphate fertilizer utilization rates of flood and drip irrigation were not significantly different. When the soil Olsen-P was 12?25 mg/kg, the phosphorus utilization rate of drip irrigation was 15.0%, which significantly increased by 4.6 percentage points compared with that of flood irrigation. When the soil Olsen-P was 25?38 mg/kg and > 38 mg/kg, phosphate fertilizer utilization rates were not significantly different between flood and drip irrigation. Average utilization rate of phosphate fertilizer was about 15.9% under flood and drip irrigation. 【Conclusions】 The Olsen-P contents in cotton soils could be divided into 5 grades: extremely low, low, medium, high and extremely high, corresponding to the relative cotton yield of < 70%, 70%?80%, 80%?90%, 90%?95%, > 95%. The critical level of Olsen-P in soil is 22.0 mg/kg. The average phosphorous utilization rate is 15.2% under flooding condition, and 17.1% under drip irrigation. |
| |
| Keywords: | |
| 本文献已被 CNKI 等数据库收录！ |
| 点击此处可从《植物营养与肥料学报》浏览原始摘要信息 |
| 点击此处可从《植物营养与肥料学报》下载免费的PDF全文 |
|
