| 高锰酸钾消毒后增施木霉菌肥对连作土壤微生物环境及再植平邑甜茶幼苗生长的影响 |
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| 引用本文： | 徐少卓,王晓芳,陈学森,沈向,尹承苗,毛志泉.高锰酸钾消毒后增施木霉菌肥对连作土壤微生物环境及再植平邑甜茶幼苗生长的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2018,24(5):1285-1293. |
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| 作者姓名： | 徐少卓 王晓芳 陈学森 沈向 尹承苗 毛志泉 |
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| 作者单位： | 山东农业大学园艺科学与工程学院/作物生物学国家重点实验室，山东泰安 271018 |
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| 基金项目： | 现代农业产业技术体系建设专项（CARS-27）；国家自然科学基金项目（31672104，31501720）；山东省自然科学基金项目（ZR2014CL024）；山东省水果创新团队项目（SDAIT-06-07）资助。 |
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| 摘 要： | 【目的】 研究了连作苹果园土壤经高锰酸钾处理后增施木霉菌肥对连作土壤再植平邑甜茶幼苗及土壤微生物环境的影响，以期为减轻苹果连作障碍提供理论依据与技术支持。 【方法】 以盆栽苹果砧木平邑甜茶幼苗为试材，以27年老龄苹果园土壤为对照 (CK)，设置木霉菌肥处理 (T1)、高锰酸钾消毒处理 (T2) 以及高锰酸钾和木霉菌肥联用处理 (T3)，通过实时荧光定量 (q-PCR)、末端限制性片段长度多态性 (T-RFLP) 等技术研究了各处理对连作土壤微生物环境的影响，同时对平邑甜茶幼苗的生理特征、抗氧化酶活性以及光合相关参数进行了测定。 【结果】 木霉菌肥处理 (T1)、高锰酸钾处理 (T2) 以及两者的联用处理 (T3) 均能促进平邑甜茶幼苗生长，其中以两者联用处理 (T3) 的促进效果最为显著。9月份取样分析结果表明，T3处理的平邑甜茶幼苗株高、地径、鲜质量、干质量分别比T1处理提高了34.0%、30.9%、34.9%、33.7%，比T2处理提高了22.5%、23.0%、21.7%、17.3%。同时T3处理平邑甜茶幼苗的根呼吸速率、SOD、POD、CAT活性、光合作用强度相比T1、T2处理也有了显著提高。此外，T3处理还更好地优化了土壤微生物环境，具体表现为T3尖孢镰刀菌 (Fusarium oxysporum)、层出镰孢菌 (Fusarium proliferatum) 基因拷贝数分别较CK降低了69.7%、64.4%，明显优于T2处理的50.0%、49.7%以及T1处理的29.8%、29.3%。T-RFLP图谱的主成分分析 (PCA) 发现，T3处理最大程度地改变了连作土壤真菌群落结构，更有利于减轻苹果连作障碍。 【结论】 高锰酸钾与木霉菌肥联用能更好地降低苹果连作土壤中致病真菌数量，改变连作土壤真菌群落结构，提高平邑甜茶幼苗抗氧化酶活性，促进平邑甜茶幼苗的生长。
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| 关 键 词： | 苹果连作障碍 高锰酸钾 木霉菌肥 微生物环境 平邑甜茶幼苗 |
| 收稿时间： | 2017-12-05 |
Effect of Trichoderma fertilizer applied after disinfected with KMnO4 on the soil microbial environment and replantation of Malus hupehensis Rehd. |
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| XU Shao-zhuo,WANG Xiao-fang,CHEN Xue-sen,SHEN Xiang,YIN Cheng-miao,MAO Zhi-quan.Effect of Trichoderma fertilizer applied after disinfected with KMnO4 on the soil microbial environment and replantation of Malus hupehensis Rehd.[J].Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science,2018,24(5):1285-1293. |
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| Authors: | XU Shao-zhuo WANG Xiao-fang CHEN Xue-sen SHEN Xiang YIN Cheng-miao MAO Zhi-quan |
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| Institution: | College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University/State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Tai’an, Shandong 271018, China |
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| Abstract: | 【Objectives】 To provide the basis for preventing and controlling apple replanting disease, theMalus hupehensisRehd., which was planted in pot with a Trichoderma fertilizer applied after disinfection with KMnO4, was tested on the effects of the replanted soil environment and seeding growth. 【Methods】 The pot experiment had 4 treatments, i.e. CK (old orchard soil), T1 (applied Trichoderma fertilizer), T2 (disinfected old orchard soil with KMnO4), and T3 (Trichoderma fertilizer applied after disinfected with KMnO4). All pots were filled up with the same soil from a 27 years old apple orchard. The biomass, antioxidant enzymes, photosynthetic parameters and soil microorganisms were determined using a real-time quantitative (q-PCR) and terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) methods. 【Results】 Compared with the old orchard soil control (CK), the biomass amounts of M. hupehensisRehd. seedlings were improved in the Trichoderma fertilizer (T1), disinfected old orchard soil (T2) and Trichoderma fertilizer applied after disinfection (T3), and the T3 treatment had the most significant promotion effect. The results of September showed: compared with T1 treatment, the plant height, ground diameter, fresh weight and dry weight of the T3 treatment were increased by 34.0%, 30.9%, 34.9% and 33.7%. Compared with T2 treatment, those indices were improved by 22.5%, 23.0%, 21.7% and 17.3%. Meanwhile, the root activity and the antioxidant enzymes including superoxide dismutase(SOD), peroxidase(POD), catalase(CAT) of the T3 treatment were significantly increased compared with T1 and T2 treatment. In addition, T3 treatment also optimized the soil microbial environment to a maximum extent. The absolute quantitates of Fusarium oxysporum and Fusarium proliferatum were reduced by 69.7%, 64.4% compared with the old orchard soil (CK), which were reduced by 50.0%, 49.7% in T1 treatment and 29.8%, 29.3% in T2 treatment. Principal component analysis of T-RFLP (PCA) showed that the Trichoderma fertilizer applied after disinfection (T3) significantly changed soil fungal community structure and especially reduced the apple replant disease (ARD). 【Conclusions】 The treatment with Trichoderma fertilizer applied after disinfection by KMnO4 significantly changed the soil fungal community structure, improved antioxidant enzymes activity, reduced amount of Fusarium oxysporum and Fusarium proliferatum, and promoted the growth of M. hupeheusisRehd. |
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