| 常用渔药及水体pH对生物质炭填料系统硝化作用和微生物群落结构的影响 |
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| 引用本文： | 江昊飞,李慷,石文智,车轩,刘兴国,鲁强,巴旭冰,刘利平.常用渔药及水体pH对生物质炭填料系统硝化作用和微生物群落结构的影响[J].水产学报,2022,46(9):1656-1668. |
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| 作者姓名： | 江昊飞 李慷 石文智 车轩 刘兴国 鲁强 巴旭冰 刘利平 |
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| 作者单位： | 上海海洋大学水产科学国家级实验教学示范中心,上海海洋大学水产科学国家级实验教学示范中心;上海海洋大学水产种质资源发掘与利用教育部重点实验室;上海海洋大学上海水产养殖工程技术研究中心;,江苏省海安市农业农村局,中国水产科学研究院渔业机械仪器研究所,中国水产科学研究院渔业机械仪器研究所,上海海洋大学水产科学国家级实验教学示范中心,上海海洋大学水产科学国家级实验教学示范中心,上海海洋大学水产科学国家级实验教学示范中心;上海海洋大学水产种质资源发掘与利用教育部重点实验室;上海海洋大学上海水产养殖工程技术研究中心; |
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| 基金项目： | 国家重点研发计划“蓝色粮仓科技创新”重点专项课题（2019YFD0900303），上海市科技兴农重点攻关项目[沪农科创字(2018)第2-12号] |
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| 摘 要： | 生物质炭膜架作为一种新型填料，具有较高的单位比表面积，利于脱氮微生物群落的附着，净化污水能力较强，在未来人工湿地的运用中具有广阔前景。然而，水产养殖过程中的环境变化和渔药的使用，是否会妨碍人工湿地中填料作用的充分发挥尚未明确。为研究外界因素对生物质炭膜架除污能力的影响，设置了不同pH（E1：6.5、E2：7.5和E3：8.5）和常用渔药（F1：氟苯尼考，6 mg/L；F2：土霉素，20 mg/L）处理组，研究生物质炭填料系统降氨氮效率及其附着生物膜微生物群落结构的变化。结果表明：（1）实验组与对照组中，脱氮微生物硝化螺旋菌门（Nitrospirae）相对丰度均为最高；（2）E1、E2、E3组降氨氮速率分别为0.247、0.249、0.305 mg/(L·h)，均低于对照组（pH=8.2）：0.323 mg/(L·h)；低pH条件下硝化螺旋菌的相对含量略有降低，而脱氮硫杆菌相对含量没有显著差异。（3）F1、F2组降氨氮速率一致，均为0.172 mg/(L·h)，低于对照组0.323 mg/(L·h)；与对照组相比，实验组硝化螺旋杆菌与脱氮硫杆菌相对含量无显著变化，推测氟苯尼考和土霉素抑制了菌的活性，致使氨氮降解速率下降。综上，弱碱性水体有助于提高生物质炭填料净化水质能力，而氟苯尼考或土霉素的使用会影响生物膜上脱氮微生物的群落丰度和活力并抑制降氨氮能力。因此，使用抗生素类渔药治疗时，应配合其它水质调节措施来控制养殖水体的氨氮含量，保证养殖对象安全，最大化发挥生物质填料的净化养殖尾水效果。
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| 关 键 词： | 生物质炭填料 pH值 渔药 微生物群落结构 人工湿地 |
| 收稿时间： | 2021/3/9 0:00:00 |
| 修稿时间： | 2021/11/15 0:00:00 |
Effects of common fishery drugs and water pH on nitrification performance and microbial community structure of biochar filler system |
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| JIANG Haofei,LI Kang,SHI Wenzhi,CHE Xuan,LIU Xingguo,LU Qiang,BA Xubing,LIU Liping.Effects of common fishery drugs and water pH on nitrification performance and microbial community structure of biochar filler system[J].Journal of Fisheries of China,2022,46(9):1656-1668. |
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| Authors: | JIANG Haofei LI Kang SHI Wenzhi CHE Xuan LIU Xingguo LU Qiang BA Xubing LIU Liping |
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| Institution: | National Demonstration Center for Experimental Teaching of Aquatic Science,Shanghai Ocean University,National Demonstration Center for Experimental Teaching of Aquatic Science, Shanghai Ocean University, China; Key Laboratory of Exploitation and Utilization of Aquatic Germplasm Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, China;,Hai''an Agriculture and Rural Affairs Bureau of Jiangsu Province, China,Institute of Fishery Machinery and Instrument, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Institute of Fishery Machinery and Instrument,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,National Demonstration Center for Experimental Teaching of Aquatic Science, Shanghai Ocean University,National Demonstration Center for Experimental Teaching of Aquatic Science, Shanghai Ocean University,National Demonstration Center for Experimental Teaching of Aquatic Science, Shanghai Ocean University, China; Key Laboratory of Exploitation and Utilization of Aquatic Germplasm Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, China; |
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| Abstract: | As a new type of filler, biochar membrane frame has a higher unit specific surface area, which is conducive to the attachment of denitrification microbial community, and has a strong ability to purify sewage. Therefore, it has a broad prospect in the application of constructed wetlands in the future. However, it is not clear whether environmental changes in aquaculture and aquatic medicine will hinder the full use of fillers in constructed wetlands. In order to investigate the influence of external factors on the decontamination capacity of biomass carbon membrane frame, different pH (E1:6.5, E2:7.5 and E3:8.5) and commonly used aquatic medicine (F1: florfenicol, 6 mg/L; F2: oxytetracycline, 20 mg/L) were applied in this study. The results showed that: (1) The Nitrospirae took the highest relative abundance among the denitrification bacteria; (2) The ammonia-reducing nitrogen rates of E1, E2 and E3 groups were 0.247, 0.249 and 0.305 mg/ (L· h), respectively, which were lower than those of the control group (pH=8.2), 0.323 mg/ (L· h). At low pH, the relative content of Nitrospira spp. was slightly decreased, but the relative content of Athiobacillus spp. denitrifying had no significant difference; (3) The ammonia nitrogen reduction rates in F1 and F2 groups were 0.172 mg/ (L· h) and 0.172 mg/ (L· h), respectively, which were lower than those in the control group (0.323 mg/ (L· h). Compared with the control group, the relative contents of Helicobacter nitrificatus and Athiobacter denitrificatus had no significant change. It was inferred that the florfenicol and oxytetracycline inhibited their activities and reduced the rate of reducing ammonia nitrogen. In conclusion, slightly alkaline water is beneficial to the purification of water quality by biocar filler, and florfenicol and oxytetracycline can affect the abundance and activity of denitrifying microorganisms on the biofilm and inhibit the ability of reducing ammonia nitrogen. Therefore, when antibiotics are used for treatment, other water quality regulation measures should be taken to control the ammonia nitrogen content of aquaculture water, ensure the safety of aquaculture objects, and maximize the purification effect of biomass fillers for aquaculture waste water. |
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| Keywords: | Biochar filler PH value Fishery drugs Microbial community structure Artificial wetland |
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