| 步行式甘薯碎蔓还田机的设计与试验 |
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| 引用本文： | 吴腾,胡良龙,王公仆,胡志超,严伟,王冰.步行式甘薯碎蔓还田机的设计与试验[J].农业工程学报,2017,33(16):8-17. |
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| 作者姓名： | 吴腾 胡良龙 王公仆 胡志超 严伟 王冰 |
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| 作者单位： | 农业部南京农业机械化研究所,南京,210014 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家现代农业甘薯产业技术体系建设专项（CSRS-11-B-16）；国家重点研发计划（2016YFD0701604） |
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| 摘 要： | 为缓解中国丘陵坡地小田块甘薯碎蔓机械短缺问题,研究设计了步行式甘薯碎蔓还田机.该文在分析整机结构的基础上具体阐述了甘薯碎蔓还田机工作原理,阐明了碎蔓装置、刀座防磨损设计、导向轮调节机构和传动系统等关键部件的设计.甘薯秧蔓粉碎合格率、留茬高度和伤薯率是评价甘薯碎蔓还田机的主要指标,该文在单因素试验基础上运用Box-Benhnken的中心组合试验方法对甘薯碎蔓还田机的工作参数进行试验研究,以刀辊转速、离地间隙、刀片间距进行三因素三水平二次回归正交试验设计.建立了响应面数学模型,分析了各因素对作业质量的影响,同时,对影响因素进行了综合优化.试验结果表明:粉碎合格率影响显著顺序为刀辊转速＞离地间隙＞刀片间距;留茬高度影响显著顺序为离地间隙＞刀辊转速＞刀片间距;伤薯率影响显著顺序为离地间隙＞刀辊转速＞刀片间距;田间试验结果表明:最优工作参数组合为刀辊转速为1 950 r/min、离地间隙为25 mm、刀片间隙为40 mm,此时秧蔓粉碎合格率为94.88％、留茬高度为47.08 mm、伤薯率为0.23％,与理论优化值对比误差小于5％.研究结果可为步行式甘薯碎蔓还田机的结构完善和作业参数优化提供参考.
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| 关 键 词： | 农业机械 优化 设计 甘薯碎蔓还田机 响应曲面 |
| 收稿时间： | 2017/4/13 0:00:00 |
| 修稿时间： | 2017/7/22 0:00:00 |
Design and test of walking sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) vines crushing and returning machine |
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| Wu Teng,Hu Lianglong,Wang Gongpu,Hu Zhichao,Yan Wei and Wang Bing.Design and test of walking sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) vines crushing and returning machine[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2017,33(16):8-17. |
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| Authors: | Wu Teng Hu Lianglong Wang Gongpu Hu Zhichao Yan Wei and Wang Bing |
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| Institution: | Nanjing Research Institute of Agricultural Mechanization, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210014, China,Nanjing Research Institute of Agricultural Mechanization, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210014, China,Nanjing Research Institute of Agricultural Mechanization, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210014, China,Nanjing Research Institute of Agricultural Mechanization, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210014, China,Nanjing Research Institute of Agricultural Mechanization, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210014, China and Nanjing Research Institute of Agricultural Mechanization, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210014, China |
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| Abstract: | Abstract: Sweet potato is an important food crop and can also be used as raw material for foodstuffs, animal feed and raw materials for renewable energy. Furthermore, research shows that it has anti-cancer effects. As sweet potato vines are long and difficult to be separated. The vines cleaned up before sweet potatoes harvest has a great role in promoting to improve the quality of sweet potato and the sweet potato harvest efficiency. In order to alleviate the shortage of sweet potato vines crushing machine in the hilly areas of China, the walking sweet potato vines crushing machine was designed in this paper. Based on the analysis of the whole structure, we expatiated on the working principle of the sweet potato crushing machine, and analyzed the structure of key components such as crushed parts, anti-wear technology, ground lifting mechanism and transmission mechanism. Before the machine started to work, the ground clearance needed to be adjusted based on the width and height of the ridge. The high ground clearance leaded to the long stubble height and poor operating effect, but the low ground clearance leaded to damage the sweet potato and increase power consumption. Sweet potato vines breaking qualified rate, stubble height and damaging rate were the main indicators of evaluating sweet potato vines crushing machine. The Box-Benhnken central composite experimental design principle was used on the basis of single factor experiment to study the working parameters of walking sweet potato vines crushing machine. The cutter roller speed, the ground clearance and the distance between blades were taken as three factors which influenced the working quality, and a three-factor and three-level response surface experiment was conducted. The mathematical model of the response surface was established, and the influence of each factor on the machine quality of the operation was analyzed and optimized. The result showed that when the roller rotation speed was high, the ground clearance was small and there was a moderate distance between blades. As such, the overall impact trend of the vines breaking quality rate was high and the stubble heights was low. When the roller rotation speed was small, the ground clearance was high and there was a moderate distance between blades, and the overall impact trend of the rate of the damage was small. The experiment results also showed that the order of the factors affecting of the vines breaking quality rate was: roller rotation speed >ground clearance >distance between blades The order of the main factors affecting of the stubble heights was: ground clearance >roller rotation speed >distance between blades The order of the main factors affecting of the rate of the damage was: ground clearance >roller rotation speed >distance between blades. In 2016, a three-time repeated test for verifying the exactness of the model was conducted on the Nanjing Research Institute for Agricultural Mechanization Ministry of Agriculture of Baima testing site. The field test showed that the optimum parameters were: 1950 r/min for the rotation speed, 25 mm for the ground clearance and 40 mm for the distance between blades, 94.88% for the rate of vines breaking qualified rate, 47.08 mm for the stubble heights, and 0.23% for the rate of damage. By comparing the mathematical model and the experimental result, the error range was less than 5%, which meant that the model established was reliable and could be used for optimization. The results can provide a reference for the structural design and optimization of the operating parameters of the walking sweet potato vines crushing machine. |
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| Keywords: | agricultural machinery optimization design sweet potato vines crushing machine response surface methodology |
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