| 玉米高通量自动考种装置设计与试验 |
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| 引用本文： | 宋鹏,张晗,王成,罗斌,路文超,侯佩臣.玉米高通量自动考种装置设计与试验[J].农业工程学报,2017,33(16):41-47. |
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| 作者姓名： | 宋鹏 张晗 王成 罗斌 路文超 侯佩臣 |
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| 作者单位： | 北京农业智能装备技术研究中心,北京100097;国家农业智能装备工程技术研究中心,北京100097;农业部农业信息技术重点实验室,北京100097 |
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| 基金项目： | 北京市科技计划项目（D151100004215002）；国家博士后基金项目（2015M581019） |
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| 摘 要： | 考种是玉米育种的重要环节,针对现有考种方法分别进行玉米果穗或玉米籽粒考种参数测量,难以满足玉米商业化育种过程大量样本自动考种需求的现状,该文设计了一种玉米高通量自动考种装置,主要包括玉米果穗考种单元、自动脱粒单元、玉米籽粒考种单元、后处理单元及系统控制单元,可实现玉米果穗考种、自动脱粒、籽粒考种、籽粒提升、籽粒封装、标签打印等全过程的自动化.依据设计方案进行原理样机试制及试验,结果表明:该装置可实现玉米穗质量、果穗长宽、穗行数、行粒数、秃尖区域、籽粒厚度、籽粒长、籽粒宽、穗粒数等考种参数的实时测量,且对果穗长、宽的平均测量精度分别为99.13％,99.25％、对籽粒数量的平均测量精度为99.39％.样机对单个玉米考种时耗时约为27.2 s,连续考种作业时处理速度达4穗/min.该研究为玉米高通量自动考种装备的实现提供了参考.
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| 关 键 词： | 测量 设计 试验 高通量 玉米考种 籽粒考种 图像处理 自动控制 |
| 收稿时间： | 2017/3/4 0:00:00 |
| 修稿时间： | 2017/7/25 0:00:00 |
Design and experiment of high throughput automatic measuring device for corn |
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| Song Peng,Zhang Han,Wang Cheng,Luo Bin,Lu Wenchao and Hou Peichen.Design and experiment of high throughput automatic measuring device for corn[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2017,33(16):41-47. |
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| Authors: | Song Peng Zhang Han Wang Cheng Luo Bin Lu Wenchao and Hou Peichen |
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| Institution: | 1. Beijing Research Center of Intelligent Equipment for Agriculture, Beijing, 100097; 2. National Research Center of Intelligent Equipment for Agriculture, Beijing, 100097; 3. Key Laboratory of Agri-informatics, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100097,1. Beijing Research Center of Intelligent Equipment for Agriculture, Beijing, 100097; 2. National Research Center of Intelligent Equipment for Agriculture, Beijing, 100097; 3. Key Laboratory of Agri-informatics, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100097,1. Beijing Research Center of Intelligent Equipment for Agriculture, Beijing, 100097; 2. National Research Center of Intelligent Equipment for Agriculture, Beijing, 100097; 3. Key Laboratory of Agri-informatics, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100097,1. Beijing Research Center of Intelligent Equipment for Agriculture, Beijing, 100097; 2. National Research Center of Intelligent Equipment for Agriculture, Beijing, 100097; 3. Key Laboratory of Agri-informatics, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100097,1. Beijing Research Center of Intelligent Equipment for Agriculture, Beijing, 100097; 2. National Research Center of Intelligent Equipment for Agriculture, Beijing, 100097; 3. Key Laboratory of Agri-informatics, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100097 and 1. Beijing Research Center of Intelligent Equipment for Agriculture, Beijing, 100097; 2. National Research Center of Intelligent Equipment for Agriculture, Beijing, 100097; 3. Key Laboratory of Agri-informatics, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, 100097 |
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| Abstract: | Abstract: Corn parameters measuring are an important step in corn breeding. Currently, researchers measure corn parameters manually or with the help of machine vision technology. The existing corn parameters measuring and methods mainly aim at corn ears or kernels rather than measuring them at the same time, which is difficult to meet the demand of rapidly measuring a large amount of breeding materials in the breeding process. To solve this problem, in this paper, a high throughput automatic measuring device for corn was designed and a prototype was developed. This device mainly included corn ear parameter measuring unit, automatic threshing unit, corn kernels parameter measuring unit, post-processing unit, and system control unit, which can realize the whole process such as ear parameters measuring, ear threshing, kernel parameters measuring, kernel lifting, kernel packaging and label printing automatically. A weighting sensor and four high-resolution color cameras were evenly distributed around the ear with the interval of 90 degrees to get the corn ear images in four directions to acquire corn ear parameters such as ear weight, ear length, ear width, ear rows, bare tip, et al. at the corn ear parameter measuring unit. The average measurement accuracy for ear length and ear width was up to 99.13% and 99.21%. The Canadian Agriculex SCS-2 single ear corn thresher was chosen for automatic threshing unit. Efficiency of the thresher was up to 3-5 s/ear, which can meet the acquirements of high throughput processing. Corn kernels parameters such as kernel number, kernel average length, average width, kernel shape, et al. were obtained in corn kernel parameters measuring unit, which was designed and had three parts: (1) image acquisition device used for kernel images acquisition; (2) automatic spreading mechanism used for reducing kernel adhesion and accumulation, so as to obtain high-quality kernel images; and (3) kernel discharging mechanism used for ensuring the smooth implementation of high-throughput assembly line operation and letting the kernels discharged. The average accuracy of kernel number reached 99.39%. Post-processing unit can lift kernels from corn kernels parameter measuring unit to a fixed height and pack it with a printed QR code label which contained all corn ear and corn kernel parameters. A Kunluntongtai TPC7062K industrial control tablet and MODBUS relay control input-output module with 16 photoelectric isolating switch input channels and 16 photoelectric isolating relay output channels were chosen for the system control unit to receive sensing information and feedback to control the device. The results of experiment showed that the prototype can obtain information both for corn ear and corn kernels automatically. The average time consuming of the prototype for single corn processing was about 27.2 s, and the average efficiency was up to 4 ear/minute during continuous operation mode, which greatly improved the efficiency of corn breeding processes. |
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| Keywords: | measurements design experiments high throughput corn ear parameters measure corn kernel parameters measure image processing automatic control |
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