Evaluation of an automatic approach device to the epidural space of Beagle dogs |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea;2. Department of Urology, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Republic of Korea;3. RIMSCIENCE Co. Ltd, Seoul, Republic of Korea;1. Clinical Unit of Anaesthesiology and Perioperative Intensive Care, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria;2. Unit of Ethics and Human-Animal Studies, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria;1. Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, Easter Bush Campus, Roslin, UK;2. Queen’s Veterinary School Hospital, Cambridge, UK;1. Dick White Referrals, Station Farm, Six Mile Bottom, Cambridgeshire, UK;2. Hospital Veterinari Glòries, Barcelona, Spain;3. Department of Comparative, Diagnostic and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, FL, USA |
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| Abstract: | ObjectiveTo compare the epidural anesthesia device (EPIA), which facilitates an automatic approach to location of the epidural space, with the performance of clinicians using tactile sensation and differences in pressure when inserting an epidural needle into the epidural space of a dog.Study designProspective, crossover experiment.AnimalsA total of 14 Beagle dogs weighing 7.5 ± 2.4 kg (mean ± standard deviation).MethodsEach dog was anesthetized three times at 2 week intervals for three anesthesiologists (two experienced, one novice) to perform 14 epidural injections (seven manual and EPIA device each). The sequence of methods was assigned randomly for each anesthesiologist. The dogs were anesthetized with medetomidine (10 μg kg–1), alfaxalone (2 mg kg–1) and isoflurane and positioned in sternal recumbency with the pelvic limbs extended cranially. Epidural puncture in the manual method was determined by pop sensation, hanging drop technique and reduced injection pressure, whereas using the device a sudden decrease in reaction force on the device was detected. A C-arm identified needle placement in the epidural space, and after administration of iohexol (0.3 mL), the needle length in the epidural space was defined as the mean value measured by three radiologists. Normality was tested using the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test, and significant differences between the two methods were analyzed using an independent sample t test.ResultsIn both methods, the success rates of epidural insertion were the same at 95.2%. The length of the needle in the epidural space using the device and manual methods was 1.59 ± 0.50 and 1.68 ± 0.88 mm, respectively, with no significant difference (p = 0.718).Conclusions and clinical relevanceEPIA device was comparable to human tactile sense for an epidural needle insertion in Beagle dogs. Further research should be conducted for application of the device in clinical environments. |
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| Keywords: | dogs EPIA epidural approach pop sensation reaction force |
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