Population dynamics of earthworm communities in corn agroecosystems receiving organic or inorganic fertilizer amendments |
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| Authors: | J K Whalen R W Parmelee C A Edwards |
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| Institution: | (1) Soil Ecology Laboratory, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA, US;(2) Department of Crop and Soil Science, Oregon State University, 3017 Agriculture and Life Sciences Bldg, Corvallis, OR 97331-7306, USA e-mail: joann.whalen@orst.edu, Tel.: +001-541-737 6187, Fax: +001-541-737 5725, US |
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| Abstract: | The dynamics of earthworm populations were investigated in continuously-cropped, conventional disk-tilled corn agroecosystems
which had received annual long-term (6 years) amendments of either manure or inorganic fertilizer. Earthworm populations were
sampled at approximately monthly intervals during the autumn of 1994 and spring and autumn of 1995 and 1996. The dominant
earthworm species were Lumbricus terrestris L. and Aporrectodea tuberculata (Eisen), which comprised 50–60% and 8–13%, respectively, of the total annual earthworm biomass. Lumbricus rubellus (Hoffmeister) and Aporrectodea trapezoides (Dugés) were much less abundant and contributed a small fraction of total earthworm biomass. Earthworm numbers and biomass
were significantly greater in manure-amended plots compared to inorganic fertilizer-treated plots during the majority of the
study period. Seasonal fluctuations in earthworm numbers and biomass were attributed to changes in soil temperature and moisture,
and cultivation. Unfavorable climatic conditions in the summer and autumn of 1995 caused earthworm abundance and biomass to
decline significantly. Mature L. terrestris, L. rubellus and A. tuberculata were most abundant in May and June of 1995 and 1996, and cocoon production was greatest in June and July 1995 and June 1996.
Recruitment of juveniles of Lumbricus spp. and Aporrectodea spp. into earthworm communities occurred primarily in the autumn. Long-term amendments of manure or inorganic fertilizer
did not change the species composition of earthworm communities in these agroecosystems. The earthworm populations in both
manure and inorganic fertilizer plots have declined significantly after 5 years of continuously-cropped corn.
Received: 24 August 1997 |
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| Keywords: | Earthworms Biomass Abundance Manure Inorganic fertilizer Agroecosystems |
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