| 吉富罗非鱼对饲料中苯丙氨酸的需要量 |
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| 引用本文： | 蒋明,武文一,文华,刘伟,吴凡,田娟,杨长庚.吉富罗非鱼对饲料中苯丙氨酸的需要量[J].中国水产科学,2016,23(5):1173-1184. |
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| 作者姓名： | 蒋明 武文一 文华 刘伟 吴凡 田娟 杨长庚 |
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| 作者单位： | 1. 中国水产科学研究院长江水产研究所,农业部淡水生物多样性保护与利用重点开放实验室,湖北武汉430223;2. 中国水产科学研究院长江水产研究所,农业部淡水生物多样性保护与利用重点开放实验室,湖北武汉430223;上海海洋大学水产与生命学院,上海201306 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家罗非鱼产业技术体系(CARS-49)，公益性行业(农业)科研专项经费项目(201003020) |
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| 摘 要： | 分别用含6种水平(质量比分别为0.78%、0.95%、1.09%、1.34%、1.51%和1.72%)苯丙氨酸(phenylalanine,Phe)的等氮等能(粗蛋白30.10%,总能17.73 MJ/kg)饲料,在池塘网箱中(实验期间水温为24~32℃)饲喂初始体重为(52.70±1.80)g的吉富罗非鱼60 d,考察饲料Phe对吉富罗非鱼(GIFT,Oreochromis niloticus)生长性能、饲料系数、体成分、部分血清生化指标及前肠消化酶活性的影响,以期获得吉富罗非鱼对饲料苯丙氨酸的需要量。结果表明,随着饲料中Phe水平的升高,吉富罗非鱼的增重率、特定生长率、蛋白质效率、蛋白质沉积率、肥满度、肝体比和脏体比均呈现先上升后下降的趋势,饲料系数呈现先下降后上升的趋势;全鱼粗脂肪和全鱼灰分含量显著上升(P0.05),肌肉灰分含量显著下降(P0.05)。饲料中Phe对全鱼水分和粗蛋白质、肌肉水分、肌肉粗蛋白质和肌肉粗脂肪含量无显著性影响(P0.05);各实验组的肌肉氨基酸含量差异不显著(P0.05)。饲料中Phe显著影响血清中谷丙转氨酶活性,甘油三酯、总胆固醇和葡萄糖的含量(P0.05),对谷草转氨酶活性无显著性影响(P0.05);Phe显著影响肠蛋白酶、肠脂肪酶和肠Na~+-K~+-ATP酶活性(P0.05),而对肠淀粉酶活性影响不显著(P0.05)。以增重率、饲料系数和蛋白质效率为评价指标,通过二次回归分析可知,吉富罗非鱼对饲料中Phe需要量为1.17%~1.21%,占饲料蛋白质的3.89%~4.02%。本研究结果为合理配制吉富罗非鱼配合饲料提供了理论依据。
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| 关 键 词： | 吉富罗非鱼 苯丙氨酸 需要量 生长 |
| 修稿时间： | 2016/9/5 0:00:00 |
Dietary phenylalanine requirement of the GIFT strain of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, reared in freshwater |
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| JIANG Ming,WU Wenyi,WEN Hu,LIU Wei,WU Fan,TIAN Juan,YANG Changgeng.Dietary phenylalanine requirement of the GIFT strain of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, reared in freshwater[J].Journal of Fishery Sciences of China,2016,23(5):1173-1184. |
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| Authors: | JIANG Ming WU Wenyi WEN Hu LIU Wei WU Fan TIAN Juan YANG Changgeng |
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| Institution: | 1. Key Laboratory of Freshwater Biodiversity Conservation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture;Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China;2. College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai |
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| Abstract: | Phenylalanine (Phe) is one of the essential amino acids for fish. It is an essential component of proteins that participate in many important physiological and metabolic processes, including growth and development. A deficiency or excess of phenylalanine in the diet can significantly affect the growth performance and/or feed utilization of farmed fish. Therefore, it is necessary to ensure that dietary levels of Phe meet, but do not exceed, the requirements of the fish. The GIFT strain of Oreochromis niloticus (Nile tilapia) is becoming an important and economically valuable farmed freshwater species. The aim of this study was to determine the optimal dietary Phe requirement of the GIFT strain by evaluating its growth performance, feed utilization, body composition, muscle amino acid composition, and digestive enzyme activities in a 60-day growth experiment. Triplicate groups of experimental tilapia (initial body weight, 52.70±1.80 g) were cultured in freshwater in 15 floating net cages (1.0 m×1.0 m×1.5 m). Six isonitrogenous (30.10% crude protein) and isocaloric (17.73 MJ/kg gross energy) diets were formulated with protein sources including fish meal, gelatin, peanut meal, soybean meal, casein, and crystalline amino acids. The measured Phe levels in the experimental diets were 0.78%, 0.95%, 1.09%, 1.34%, 1.51%, and 1.72%. The dietary amino acid pattern, except for Phe, was adapted to the muscle amino acid pattern of the GIFT strain. The results showed that with increasing dietary Phe levels, the weight gain rate, specific growth rate, protein efficiency ratio, and protein deposition efficiency increased significantly (P<0.05) with the highest values in the 1.34% Phe group. The feed conversion ratio decreased significantly (P<0.05) with increasing dietary Phe levels, and showed the lowest value in the 1.09% Phe group. The hepatosomatic index, viscerosomatic index, and condition factor of the GIFT strain all increased significantly (P<0.05) as dietary Phe levels increased from 0.78% to 1.34%, but decreased when dietary Phe levels exceeded 1.34%. The highest whole body crude lipid and whole body ash contents were in the 1.34% dietary Phe group. There were no significant differences (P>0.05) among the six groups in whole body moisture content, whole body crude protein content, muscle moisture content, muscle crude protein content, muscle crude lipid content, and muscle amino acids contents. The muscle ash content of the group fed 0.98% dietary Phe was significantly (P<0.05) lower than that of the group fed 1.72% dietary Phe, but was not significantly different (P>0.05) from those of the other groups. The serum chemistry analysis showed that dietary Phe significantly affected the glucose, total cholesterol, triglyceride, and alanine aminotransferase contents (P<0.05), but not the aspartate aminotransferase content (P>0.05). The dietary Phe levels also significantly affected the activities of intestinal protease, intestinal lipase, and Na+-K+-ATPase (P<0.05), but not intestinal amylase activity. The quadratic regression analyses of weight gain rate, feed conversion ratio, and protein efficiency ratio showed that the optimum dietary Phe requirement of GIFT is 1.17%-1.21% of the diet or 3.89%-4.02% of dietary proteins. |
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| Keywords: | GIFT(Oreochromis niloticus) phenylalanine dietary requirement growth |
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