| 温带云冷杉混交林凋落物养分的空间分布特征 |
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| 引用本文： | 秦倩倩,王海燕,郑永林,雷相东.温带云冷杉混交林凋落物养分的空间分布特征[J].北京林业大学学报,2021,43(3):73-84. |
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| 作者姓名： | 秦倩倩 王海燕 郑永林 雷相东 |
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| 作者单位： | 1.北京林业大学林学院，北京 100083 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家重点研发计划重点专项（2017YFC0504002） |
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| 摘 要： | 目的 凋落物层是森林生态系统的重要组分，研究其养分的空间分布特征对于维持森林生态环境和可持续经营具有独特且关键的意义。 方法 以温带云冷杉混交林为研究对象，基于等距离网格布点法对4块1 hm2的固定样地进行林分调查和凋落物收集，测定分析半分解（F）层和完全分解（H）层凋落物样品各400个，采用地统计分析和克里格插值方法探究不同分解程度凋落物的养分特征和空间分布及其影响因素。 结果 （1）天然云冷杉针阔混交林F层凋落物的有机碳（OC）、全氮（TN）及全磷（TP）含量分别为421.68、18.86和1.26 g/kg，而在H层中分别为350.78、17.80和2.68 g/kg，OC和TN均随分解程度的增加而减小，TP随分解程度的增加而增加；各样地凋落物OC、TN和TP变异系数范围为10.94% ~ 65.63%，其中F层凋落物OC和TP的空间变异程度较H层小。（2）凋落物OC、TN和TP的空间异质性在森林群落尺度上均主要受结构性因素影响，空间自相关性较强；各样地凋落物OC、TN和TP呈明显的条带状和斑块状梯度性分布，且F和H层OC在同一样地内表现为相似的空间格局，而F层TN和TP高值出现的位置在H层往往较低；F层凋落物OC和TP的分形维数较H层大，其空间结构特征较复杂，而F层凋落物TN较H层具有更好的结构性，空间依赖性较强。（3）H层凋落物OC和TN与凋落物现存量均呈显著负相关（P < 0.05），且受持水率影响显著，而TP与凋落物现存量呈显著正相关；凋落物OC、TN和TP及其生态化学计量比之间具有显著的相关关系。F层凋落物TN和TP受生物多样性指数和物种数等指标的显著影响，而H层主要受到针叶树种及株数比例的显著影响，林分特征对OC的影响较TN和TP小。 结论 温带天然云冷杉针阔混交林凋落物层养分空间分布特征受凋落物性质（分解程度和持水率等）和林分结构（树种和林分密度等）因子的共同作用。
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| 关 键 词： | 半分解层 完全分解层 凋落物 养分 空间分布 |
| 收稿时间： | 2020-03-12 |
Spatial distribution characteristics of litter nutrients in temperate spruce-fir mixed forests |
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| Qin Qianqian,Wang Haiyan,Zheng Yonglin,Lei Xiangdong.Spatial distribution characteristics of litter nutrients in temperate spruce-fir mixed forests[J].Journal of Beijing Forestry University,2021,43(3):73-84. |
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| Authors: | Qin Qianqian Wang Haiyan Zheng Yonglin Lei Xiangdong |
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| Institution: | 1.School of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China2.Institute of Forest Resource Information Techniques, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China |
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| Abstract: | Objective]Litter layer is an important component of forest ecosystem,and it is of unique and key significance to study the spatial distribution characteristics of nutrients for maintaining forest ecological environment and sustainable management.Method]To investigate the spatial heterogeneity of litter nutrients at different decomposition stages,we established four 1 ha permanent sample plots in temperate spruce-fir mixed forests.Litter collection and stand survey were conducted using an equidistant grid point sampling method.Litter samples in semi-decomposed(F)horizon and completely decomposed(H)horizon were determined to analyze the spatial variations of litter nutrient concentrations using statistical analysis and kriging interpolation.Result](1)In the F horizon,concentrations of litter organic carbon(OC),total nitrogen(TN)and total phosphorus(TP)were 421.68,18.86 and 1.26 g/kg,respectively,and they were 350.78,17.80 and 2.68 g/kg in the H horizon.Litter OC and TN decreased but TP increased with the increase of decomposition degree.The coefficients of variation of litter OC,TN and TP in the F and H horizons varied in the four sample plots with a range of 10.94%-65.63%.The spatial variation degrees of litter OC and TP in the F horizon were smaller than those in the H horizon.(2)Litter OC,TN and TP concentrations showed higher spatial autocorrelation,primarily resulting from the structure factors at the forest community scale.Litter nutrient concentrations in the four sample plots showed a strip and patch gradient distribution.Litter OC in the F horizon had similar spatial distribution pattern to the H horizon.However,the high-value centres of TN and TP in the F horizon were generally lower in the H horizon.The fractal dimension of litter OC and TP concentrations in the F horizon was higher than that in the H horizon.This indicated that the F horizon exhibited a more complex spatial pattern,whereas litter TN had a better structure and stronger spatial dependence in the F horizon than that in the H horizon.(3)Litter OC and TN in the H horizon had a significant negative correlation(P<0.05)with the standing crop of litter but the TP concentration with an opposite relationship.Litter OC and TN in the H horizon were significantly affected by water holding capacity.In addition,litter OC,TN,TP and their stoichiometric ratios were significantly correlated.Litter TN and TP in the F horizon were significantly affected by biodiversity indices and species number,while those in the H horizon were mainly affected by the proportion of conifer species and stems.However,litter TN and TP were more strongly related with stand characteristics in comparison with OC.Conclusion]The spatial distribution characteristics of nutrients in litter layer over temperate natural spruce-fir mixed forest are affected by litter properties(e.g.the degree of decomposition and water holding capacity.)and stand structure(e.g.tree species and stand density.). |
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| Keywords: | semi-decomposed horizon completely decomposed horizon litter nutrient spatial distribution |
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