| 生猪遗传改良计划实施以来我国猪主要经济性状进展分析 |
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| 作者单位： | ;1.中国农业大学动物科学技术学院;2.全国畜牧总站;3.山东农业大学动物科技学院 |
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| 摘 要： | 《全国生猪遗传改良计划(2009—2020)》自2010年实施以来,经过10年发展,对我国生猪育种产生了深远影响。本研究收集2010—2019年全国猪育种数据,分析我国猪育种主要考虑的3个目标经济性状表型和遗传进展,反映我国生猪遗传改良计划成效。结果表明:我国杜洛克、长白和大白3个品种种猪登记和性能测定数据量逐年增长,建立了约15万头母猪组成的育种核心群;杜洛克、长白和大白3个品种猪平均每年表型和遗传进展,达100 kg体重日龄为0.90、0.67、0.5 d和0.51、0.3、0.4 d;100 kg活体背膘厚为0.07、0.06、0.04 mm和0.06、0.02、0.02 mm;长白和大白总产仔数平均每年表型和遗传进展为0.10、0.17头和0.013、0.016头,杜洛克主要考虑生长速度和瘦肉率,总产仔数变化不大。3个品种核心群群体结构不断优化,更新速度加快,我国猪育种工作进入了"引种-适应-改良-提高"的良性循环。
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| 关 键 词： | 猪 遗传改良 生猪遗传改良计划 |
The Progress of Economic Traits Driven by National Swine Genetic Improvement Program |
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| Institution: | ,College of Animal Science and Technology,China Agricultural University,National Animal Husbandry Service,College of Animal Science and Technology,Shandong Agricultural University |
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| Abstract: | Since the national swine genetic improvement program(2009-2020) was implemented in 2010, it has achieved a profound impact on pig breeding in China in past decade. In this study, we analyzed the national pig breeding data in 2010-2019, aiming to reflect the achievements obtained by the national swine genetic improvement program through the phenotype and genetic progress of the three main economic traits considered in pig breeding in China. The results showed that the breeding data regarding animal registration, performance test of three breeds, Duroc, Landrace and Yorkshire, was increased year by year, and a breeding nucleus composed of about 150000 sows was established. During the last ten years, the average annual phenotypic and genetic progress of Duroc, Landrace and Yorkshire on days to 100 kg were 0.90, 0.67, 0.5 and 0.51, 0.3 and 0.4 day, respectively, the progress of three breeds on backfat thickness at 100 kg were 0.07 mm, 0.06 mm, 0.04 mm and 0.06 mm, 0.02 mm and 0.02 mm. The average annual phenotypic and genetic progress of Landrace and Yorkshire on total number of piglets born were 0.10, 0.17, 0.013 and 0.016. The progress of Duroc on total number of piglets born was tiny as growth traits were mainly taken into account in Duroc breeding. The population structure of the nucleus of three breeds was continuously optimized and its renewal speed was accelerated. China's pig breeding has entered a virtuous cycle of "importadaptation-genetic improvement and improvement". |
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| Keywords: | Pig Genetic improvement National swine genetic improvement program |
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