| 菊花脑大孢子发生、雌配子体与胚胎发育的研究 |
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| 引用本文： | 滕年军,陈发棣,马旭,侯喜林.菊花脑大孢子发生、雌配子体与胚胎发育的研究[J].南京农业大学学报,2008,31(4). |
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| 作者姓名： | 滕年军 陈发棣 马旭 侯喜林 |
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| 作者单位： | 南京农业大学园艺学院,江苏,南京,210095 |
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| 基金项目： | 中国博士后科学基金，江苏省博士后科学基金，教育部跨世纪优秀人才培养计划 |
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| 摘 要： | 利用常规石蜡制片、组织压片以及显微观察技术对菊属植物菊花脑(Dendranthema nankingense)大孢子发生、雌配子体及胚胎发育过程进行了研究。研究发现,雌蕊具有单子房、单胚珠、二裂状柱头,胚珠为倒生型;大孢子母细胞经过减数分裂形成线形排列的4个大孢子,其中珠孔端大孢子为功能大孢子,能够进一步发育成单核胚囊,而合点端的3个大孢子在发育过程中逐渐解体;胚囊发育为单孢子待宵草型,单核胚囊经过两次连续分裂,形成四核成熟胚囊,成熟胚囊珠孔端有2个助细胞和1个卵细胞,胚囊中央有1个单核中央细胞;胚胎发育过程可分为球形胚、心形胚、鱼雷胚和子叶胚4个阶段;雌配子体和胚胎在发育过程中,败育频率分别高达46%和75%以上。结果表明,菊花脑功能大孢子位于珠孔端和胚囊发育属于单孢子待宵草型是区别于大多数被子植物的重要生殖特征;雌配子体和胚胎发育过程中的大量败育现象可能是菊花脑与栽培菊花种间杂交结实率低的一个重要原因。
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| 关 键 词： | 菊花脑 雌配子体 胚胎 |
Investigation on megasporogenesis,megagametogenesis and embryogenesis in Dendranthema nankingense |
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| TENG Nian-jun,CHEN Fa-di,MA Xü,HOU Xi-lin.Investigation on megasporogenesis,megagametogenesis and embryogenesis in Dendranthema nankingense[J].Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University,2008,31(4). |
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| Authors: | TENG Nian-jun CHEN Fa-di MA Xü HOU Xi-lin |
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| Abstract: | Megasporogenesis,megagametogenesis and embryogenesis in Dendranthema nankingense were investigated using paraffin section,a temporary mount method and microscopy in the current study.The results showed that the pistil had two stigmas and an ovary that contained one anatropous ovule.The megasporocyte underwent meiosis to form a linear tetrad with four haploid megaspores.And the megaspore near the micropyle continued to develop into a functional megaspore that would develop into a mononucleate embryo sac,whereas the other three megaspores near the chalaza gradually degenerated.The development of embryo sac conformed to the Oenothera type:the mononucleate embryo sac underwent two successive divisions to form a mature embryo sac with four cells.The mature embryo sac only had an egg and two synergids near the micropyle and a central cell in the center.The embryo underwent the stages of globular embryo,heart embryo,and torpedo embryo to develop into mature cotyledon embryo.The percentages of abnormalities during megagametogenesis and embryogenesis were 46% and 75%,respectively.These results suggested that two reproductive characteristics in D.nankingense,i.e.the functional megaspore was near the micropyle and the development of embryo sac conforming to the Oenothera type,were important reproductive hallmarks that were significantly different from those in most angiosperms.In addition,the high percentage of abnormalities during megagametogenesis and embryogenesis may be the main factors resulting in low seed set in interspecific cross between D.nankingense and other species in Dendranthema. |
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| Keywords: | Dendranthema nankingense female gametophyte embryo |
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