| 冻融坡面土壤剥蚀率与侵蚀因子关系分析 |
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| 引用本文： | 刘彦辰,王瑄,周丽丽,昝学龙,盛思远.冻融坡面土壤剥蚀率与侵蚀因子关系分析[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(8):136-141. |
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| 作者姓名： | 刘彦辰 王瑄 周丽丽 昝学龙 盛思远 |
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| 作者单位： | 沈阳农业大学水利学院,沈阳,110161 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金（41471225）；辽宁省农业领域青年科技创新人才培养计划（2014054） |
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| 摘 要： | 为确定影响冻融坡面土壤剥蚀率的主要土壤侵蚀因子,采用2个(10°、15°)坡度、2个(3、9 L/min)流量和4个(2、5、8、11 cm)起始解冻深度组合进行野外冲刷试验,分析土壤剥蚀率随坡度、流量和解冻深度变化规律,研究土壤剥蚀率与水蚀动力参数(径流水深、水流剪切力、水流功率、单位水流功率)间的相关关系,运用逐步回归分析方法,建立冻融坡面土壤侵蚀预测模型。结果表明:相同起始解冻深度条件下土壤剥蚀率随着坡度和流量的增加有增大的趋势,相同坡度条件下,流量为3 L/min时,起始解冻深度5 cm时土壤剥蚀率最大;流量为9 L/min时,随着起始解冻深度的增加土壤剥蚀率增加;土壤剥蚀率与水流剪切力、水流功率、单位水流功率分别呈显著线性正相关关系(P0.01);建立了基于水流功率和起始解冻深度的土壤剥蚀率预测方程(R~2=0.967)。
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| 关 键 词： | 土壤 坡面 侵蚀 冻融作用 起始解冻深度 水流功率 |
| 收稿时间： | 2015/9/13 0:00:00 |
| 修稿时间： | 2016/2/16 0:00:00 |
Relationship analysis between soil detachment rate and erosion factors on freeze-thaw slope |
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| Liu Yanchen,Wang Xuan,Zhou Lili,Zan Xuelong and Sheng Siyuan.Relationship analysis between soil detachment rate and erosion factors on freeze-thaw slope[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2016,32(8):136-141. |
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| Authors: | Liu Yanchen Wang Xuan Zhou Lili Zan Xuelong and Sheng Siyuan |
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| Institution: | College of Water Conservancy, Shenyang Agriculture University, Shenyang 110161, China,College of Water Conservancy, Shenyang Agriculture University, Shenyang 110161, China,College of Water Conservancy, Shenyang Agriculture University, Shenyang 110161, China,College of Water Conservancy, Shenyang Agriculture University, Shenyang 110161, China and College of Water Conservancy, Shenyang Agriculture University, Shenyang 110161, China |
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| Abstract: | Abstract: In order to determine the main hydrodynamic erosion factors that affect the soil detachment rate and establish the predicting model about soil erosion on freeze-thaw slope, the experiment study, involving 2 slopes (10° and 15°), 4 thaw depths (2, 5, 8 and 11 cm) and 2 flow rates (3 and 9 L/min), was carried out under the circumstances of scouring the slopes outdoors. In order to avoid the influence of the rainy season, the slopes had been paved and completed in October, for which the rainy days had past. The experimental indices were measured by different approaches, for instance, the staining method was utilized to measure the flow velocity; the runoff width could be measured through using a ruler at 9 positions; the thaw depth was measured by using a measuring needle. The whole process of this experiment lasted for about 15 min so as to avoid the deeper freezing level melting too much, which could affect the experiment result, for the longer the experimental process lasted, the deeper the frozen layer would melt under the function of the scouring power. The discharged sediment was collected at the end of the scouring trough and the frequency of collecting was once per minute. The changing tendency of soil detachment rate with the flow rate, slope, and thaw depth was discussed. Then, the relationships between the soil detachment rate and the hydrodynamic erosion factors (average runoff depth, shear stress, stream power, and unit stream power) were analyzed. Finally, the theory of stepwise regression analysis was adopted to build the soil erosion predicting model. The results of this experiment indicated that under the same thaw depth, the soil detachment rate increased with the increasing of the slope and flow rate; when scouring the same slope at the flow rate of 3 L/min, the most serious soil detachment occurred at the original thaw depth of 5 cm, and the soil detachment rate was decreasing gradually along with the increase of the original thaw depth; when the flow rate was kept at 9 L/min, the soil detachment rate had a tendency of increasing with the original thaw depth increasing. Besides, the correlation relationships between soil detachment rate and hydrodynamic erosion factors (shear stress, stream power, and unit stream power) were positive linear correlation (P<0.01), and the factor of stream power was more obvious than other factors. And the predicting model, which was based on the stream power and thaw depth, was also established. |
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| Keywords: | soils slope erosion freeze-thaw effect original thaw depth stream power |
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