Simulating response of maize to previous velvet bean (Mucuna pruriens) crop and nitrogen fertiliser in Malawi |
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| Institution: | 1. CSIRO Sustainable Ecosystems, Queensland Bioscience Precinct, 306 Carmody Rd., St. Lucia, Qld 4067, Brisbane, Australia;2. Maize Commodity Team, Chitedze Agricultural Research Station, P.O. 158, Lilongwe, Malawi;3. CIMMYT Natural Resources Group, Box MP163, Harare, Zimbabwe;1. Department of Crop Science, University of Zimbabwe, P. O. Box MP 167, Mount Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe;2. Institute for Agricultural Sciences, Plant Nutrition, ETH Zürich, Eschikon 33, 8315 Lindau, Switzerland;3. The University of Queensland, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, Leslie Research Facility, Toowoomba 4350, Queensland, Australia;4. International Maize & Wheat Improvement Centre, Zimbabwe, P. O. Box MP 163, Mount Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe;1. CIRAD, UR Agro-Ecology and Sustainable Intensification of Annual Crops (AIDA), University of Montpellier, 34398 Montpellier, France;2. CIMMYT, Sustainable Intensification Program (SIP), P.O. Box 1041–00621, Gigiri, Nairobi, Kenya;3. University of Zimbabwe, Crop Science Department, Box MP167, Mt. Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe;4. Embrapa Cerrados, Rodovia BR-020, Km 18, P.O. Box 08223, CEP: 73310-970, Planaltina, DF, Brazil;1. Mekelle University, College of Dryland Agriculture and Natural Resources, Department of Crop and Horticultural Sciences, Mekelle, Ethiopia;2. AgWeatherNet Program, Washington State University, Prosser, WA, USA;3. World Agroforestry Centre, Nairobi, Kenya;4. Center for Development Research, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany;5. World Agroforestry Centre, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia;6. Kansas State University, Southwest Research-Extension Center, 4500 East Mary St. Garden City, KS 67846, USA;7. Embrapa/UEPA Eastern Amazon, Belem, PA, Brazil;1. Key Laboratory of Virtual Geographic Environment (Nanjing Normal University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing, China;2. State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Geographical Environment Evolution (Jiangsu Province), Nanjing, China;3. Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing, China;4. Department of Geography, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, USA;5. School of Integrative Plant Sciences, Section of Soil & Crop Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA |
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| Abstract: | A velvet bean (Mucuna pruriens L.) module for the agricultural production systems simulator (APSIM) was developed in order to assess the nitrogen (N) and yield benefits of velvet bean green manure crops, when grown in rotation with maize in small holder situations in Malawi. The velvet bean module was able to simulate maturity biomass from six contrasting sites in Malawi over an observed range of 847–10,420 kg/ha with a root mean squared deviation (RMSD) of 1562 kg/ha. APSIM was then tested for its ability to simulate the response of maize crops to fertiliser N in two seasons, to previous velvet bean green manure crops in one season, or both in combination in one season. With no previous velvet bean crop, the response to fertiliser N varied across sites from a non-significant increase to an eight-fold increase in maize yield. Where a velvet bean crop was grown in the previous season, the response to applied N varied from non-significant to slight. Simulated yields were within one standard error of the observed in the majority of cases. A sensitivity analysis for key parameters in the velvet bean module highlighted, that those governing the N content of crop root and shoot residues had greatest impact on maize yield response. Parameters controlling production and partitioning of root or shoot biomass were less important.To our knowledge this is the first reported case of a cropping systems simulation model being tested for its ability to simulate the production of a green manure legume followed by a cereal. |
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