Evaluation of salt-tolerant genotypes of durum wheat derived from in vitro and field experiments |
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| Institution: | 1. GIS Director, GIS Training and Research Center, Idaho State University, Pocatello, ID 83209, USA;2. Postdoctoral Research Associate, GIS Training and Research Center, Idaho State University, Pocatello, ID 83209, USA;3. Rangeland Scientist, USDA-ARS High Plains Grassland Research Station, Cheyenne, WY 82009, USA;4. Research Assistant, GIS Training and Research Center, Idaho State University, Pocatello, ID 83209, USA;5. Systems Administrator, GIS Training and Research Center, Idaho State University, Pocatello, ID 83209, USA;1. International Research Centre for Environmental Membrane Biology, Foshan University, Foshan, 528000, China;2. K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 127276, Russia;3. Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia;1. Department of Environmental Improvement, Warsaw University of Life Science, 159 Nowoursynowska St., 02-776 Warsaw, Poland;2. Polish Academy of Sciences Botanical Garden—Center for Biological Diversity Conservation in Powsin, 2 Prawdziwka St., 02-973 Warsaw, Poland;3. Department of Biophysics and Radiobiology, University of Sofia “St. Kliment Ohridski”, 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria;4. Department of Plant Physiology, Warsaw University of Life Science, 159 Nowoursynowska St., 02-776 Warsaw, Poland |
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| Abstract: | The performance of selected salt-tolerant genotypes of durum wheat Triticum turgidum L. subsp. durum (Desf.) Husn.], derived from field and in vitro assessment methods, was evaluated under greenhouse and field conditions. Eight durum wheat genotypes comprising three salt-tolerant genotypes and one salt-sensitive genotype selected from each of the methods were used. This study was conducted under both saline and non-saline field conditions as well as under greenhouse condition with salinized solution culture at 0 mM (control), 75 and 150 mM NaCl (concentrations) using supplemental Ca2+. Days to heading, days to maturity, plant height, number of grains per spike, grain weight per spike, 1000 grain weight, number of spikes per m2, grain yield and harvest index were recorded in the field experiments. Plant dry weight, Na+, K+ and Ca2+ accumulated in the hydroponically grown seedlings were measured 20 days after salinity treatments. In spite of the smaller range of genotypes used by the in vitro screening method, tolerant genotypes screened by the in vitro method (ITGs) performed comparably with those of the field-derived tolerant genotypes (FTGs) for grain yield under saline field conditions. Field salinity significantly reduced (P < 0.01) means of all traits averaged on eight tested genotypes. In vitro salt-tolerant genotypes Dipper-6 and Prion-1 produced the highest dry weight and K+/Na+ ratio under salt stress conditions (150 mM NaCl) in the greenhouse. Although dry matter correlated with the grain yield (R2 = 0.37), the regression coefficient was higher for shoot K+/Na+ ratio (R2 = 0.44). Dipper-6 (ITG) and Prion-1 (ITG) genotypes have been ranked superior while Massara-1 (ISG) was inferior for salt tolerance in the regression analysis. However, based on grain yield reduction Ajaia/Hora/Jro/3/Gan (FTG) and PI40100 (ITG) were the most tolerant having 58% and 60% reduction, respectively. |
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