Phenology based irrigation scheduling and determination of crop coefficient of winter maize in rice fallow of eastern India |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India;2. Division of Agricultural Engineering, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology-Jammu, Srinagar 180009, Jammu & Kashmir, India;1. Graphical Expression Department, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Cartagena 30202, Spain;2. Food Engineering and Agricultural Equipment Department, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Cartagena 30203, Spain;3. Engineering Department, Miguel Hernández University of Elche, Orihuela 03312, Spain;1. Project FCT—PTDC/AAC-AMB/115587/09, Lisboa, Portugal;2. ICAAM, Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Évora, Évora, Portugal;3. FEUP, Engineering Faculty, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal;1. Tamil Nadu Rice Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Aduthurai 612101, India;2. College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P.R.China;1. State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Hohai University, 210098, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People’s Republic of China;2. College of Water Conservancy and Hydropower Engineering, Hohai University, 210098, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People’s Republic of China;3. Department of Bioresource Engineering, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC H9X3V9, Montreal, Canada;4. Kunshan Water Conservancy Engineering Quality and Safety Supervision and Water Technology Popularization Station, 215300, Kunshan, Jiangsu Province, People’s Republic of China;1. Robert B. Daugherty Water for Food Institute, University of Nebraska, Nebraska Innovation Campus, 2021 Transformation Dr. Ste 3220, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA;2. Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, INIA Intihuasi, Colina San Joaquín s/n, La Serena, Coquimbo, Chile;3. Grupo de Teledetección y SIG, Instituto de Desarrollo Regional, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario, Albacete 02071, Spain;4. IFAPA—Consejería Agricultura y Pesca de Andalucía, Avda, Menéndez Pidal s/n, Córdoba, Spain |
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| Abstract: | Vast rainfed rice area (12 million ha) of eastern India remains fallow after rainy season rice due to lack of appropriate water and crop management strategies inspite of having favourable natural resources, human labourers and good market prospects. In this study, a short duration crop, maize, was tried as test crop with different levels of irrigation during winter season after rainy season rice to increase productivity and cropping intensity of rainfed rice area of the region. Maize hybrid of 120 days duration was grown with phenology based irrigation scheduling viz., one irrigation at early vegetative stage, one irrigation at tassel initiation, two irrigation at tassel initiation + grain filling, three irrigation at early vegetative + tassel initiation + grain filling and four irrigation at early vegetative + tassel initiation + silking + grain-filling stages. Study revealed that one irrigation at tassel initiation stage was more beneficial than that of at early vegetative stage. Upto three irrigation, water use efficiency (WUE) was increased linearly with increased number of irrigation. With four irrigations, the yield was higher, but WUE was lower than that of three irrigations, which might be due to increased water application resulted in increase crop water use without a corresponding increase of yield for the crop with four irrigations. The crop coefficients (Kc) at different stages of the crop were derived after computing actual water use using field water balance approach. The crop coefficients of 0.42–0.47, 0.90–0.97, 1.25–1.33, and 0.58–0.61 were derived at initial, development, mid and late season, respectively with three to four irrigation. Study showed that leaf area index (LAI) was significantly correlated with Kc values with the R2 values of 0.93. When LAI exceeded 3.0, the Kc value was 1. Study revealed that the Kc values for the development and mid season stage were slightly higher to that obtained by the procedure proposed by FAO, which might be due to local advection. |
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