The wheat yields and water-use efficiency in the Loess Plateau: straw mulch and irrigation effects |
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| Institution: | 1. State Key Lab of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Engineering Research Center of Plant Growth Regulator, Ministry of Education, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;2. Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA;3. Rural Energy and Environment Agency, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100125, China;1. Maize Research Institute “Zemun Polje”, Slobodana Baji?a 1, 11185 Belgrade, Serbia;2. University of Belgrade, Faculty of Agriculture, Nemanjina 6, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia;1. Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System, Ministry of Agriculture, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China;2. Department of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China;1. Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas, Ministry of Education, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China;2. Institute of Water-saving Agriculture in Arid Areas of China, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China;3. Department of Foreign Languages, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China;1. College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China;2. Chinese-Israeli International Center for Research and Training in Agriculture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China |
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| Abstract: | The yield of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), one of the major crops planted in the Loess Plateau, China, is mainly affected by available water. Straw mulch and irrigation are efficient ways of influencing wheat yield and water-use efficiency. To develop better semiarid crop and water management practices, a 13-year experiment in spring wheat monoculture was conducted at the Dingxi Soil and Water Conservation Institute of the Loess Plateau. The influence of rainfall during the growing season (March–July) on yields of rain-fed wheat was studied for 13 years (1982–1992 and 1997–1998). The influence of straw mulch and irrigation on wheat yield, and water-use efficiency, was studied for 2 years (1997–1998). We found that growing season rainfall had a significant (P < 0.05) influence on biomass and grain yield of spring wheat in rain-fed conditions during the 13 years. Both biomass and grain yield were very low and varied significantly due to the low and significant variability of growing season rainfall. Straw mulch increased wheat yields significantly during both dry (1997) and wet (1998) years. It increased biomass and grain yield by 37 and 52%, respectively, in 1997, and by 20 and 26%, respectively, in 1998. Straw mulch also significantly decreased evapotranspiration (P < 0.05), soil water depletion (P < 0.01), and increased water-use efficiency (P < 0.001). Biomass and grain yield both increased (P < 0.01 orP < 0.001) with increasing irrigation in 1997 and 1998. The three irrigation levels increased the biomass yield from 34 to 66% in 1997, and from 34 to 77% in 1998. The irrigation levels also increased grain yield from 53 to 102% in 1997, and from 22 to 57% in 1998. Water-use efficiency for biomass and grain yield also increased with increasing irrigation. On the other hand, irrigation water-use efficiency for biomass and grain yield decreased with increasing irrigation. The results suggest that higher crop yields in the semiarid Loess Plateau may be achieved by using irrigation, or a proper combination of straw mulch and irrigation. |
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