| 减氮条件下生物质炭施用对珠三角地区生菜产量、品质及土壤性质的影响 |
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| 引用本文： | 程明琨,萧洪东,李学文,刘家友,喻敏,黄丽萍,闵炬,施卫明.减氮条件下生物质炭施用对珠三角地区生菜产量、品质及土壤性质的影响[J].土壤,2023,55(1):37-44. |
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| 作者姓名： | 程明琨 萧洪东 李学文 刘家友 喻敏 黄丽萍 闵炬 施卫明 |
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| 作者单位： | 佛山科学技术学院 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金面上项目(31872185)和企业合作项目(Am20210407RD)资助。 |
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| 摘 要： | 生物质炭(biochar,BC)施用具有改良土壤、提高作物产量等效应。本文探究了生菜产量、品质和土壤性质等对化肥氮(N)减施和生物质炭施用1年后的响应，以期为珠三角地区露地蔬菜生产中化肥合理减量和生物质炭科学施用提供依据。通过在佛山市三水区开展田间小区试验，观测了常规施氮(N100%)、减氮20%(N80%)、减氮40%(N60%)、减氮40%+生物质炭10 t/hm2(N60%+BC10)和减氮40%+生物质炭20 t/hm2(N60%+BC20)处理下生菜产量、品质、叶片SPAD值及土壤养分等指标的变化。结果表明：(1)较N100%处理，N60%处理生菜产量显著降低13.5%。减氮40%条件下，配施10～20 t/hm2生物质炭可提高生菜产量9.5%～22.7%，与N100%处理产量相当，说明生物质炭施用对生菜产量具有显著提升效果。(2)氮肥减量和生物质炭施用对生菜单株鲜重、直径和水分含量等均无显著影响，而对叶片SPAD值在不同生育期有不同影响。减氮条件下施用生物质炭处理生菜的氮和磷吸收量提高，是其增产机理之一。(3...
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| 关 键 词： | 土壤肥力 露地蔬菜 生物质炭 化肥减施 养分管理 |
| 收稿时间： | 2022/5/11 0:00:00 |
| 修稿时间： | 2022/7/5 0:00:00 |
Effects of Biochar Application on Yield, Quality, and Soil Fertility of Lettuce under Nitrogen Reduction |
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| CHENG Mingkun,XIAO Hongdong,LI Xuewen,LIU Jiayou,YU Min,HUANG Liping,MIN Ju,SHI Weiming.Effects of Biochar Application on Yield, Quality, and Soil Fertility of Lettuce under Nitrogen Reduction[J].Soils,2023,55(1):37-44. |
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| Authors: | CHENG Mingkun XIAO Hongdong LI Xuewen LIU Jiayou YU Min HUANG Liping MIN Ju SHI Weiming |
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| Institution: | Foshan University |
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| Abstract: | Biochar (BC) is an emergent soil additive with effects of soil modification and crop yield improvement. In this paper, we investigated the responses of lettuce yield, quality and soil properties to chemical fertilizer nitrogen (N) reduction and BC application after one year, in order to provide a basis for reasonable chemical fertilizer reduction and scientific application of biochar for open field vegetable production in the Pearl River Delta region. A field plot experiment was carried out in Sanshui District, Foshan City, China, to investigate the changes in yield, quality, SPAD value and soil nutrients of lettuce under conventional N application (100%N), N reduction of 20% (80%N), N reduction of 40% (60%N), N reduction of 40%+biochar of 10 t/hm2 (60%N+BC10) and N reduction of 40%+biochar of 20 t/hm2 (60%N+BC20). The yield of lettuce was significantly decreased by 13.5% in the N60% treatment compared to the N100% treatment. Under the condition of 40% N reduction, the application of 10~20 t/hm2 biochar could improve lettuce yield by 9.5~22.7%, which was equal to the yield of N100% treatment, demonstrating that biochar application had a significant effect in improving lettuce yield. Nitrogen fertilizer reduction and biochar application had no obvious effect on lettuce single plant weight, diameter and water content, while there were different effects on leaf SPAD values at different growth stages. The increase of N and P uptake in lettuce treated with biochar under N reduction was one of the mechanisms of yield increase. N fertilizer reduction did not significantly affect the nitrate content of lettuce; however, it reduced its total sugar content. While N60%+BC20 did not affect the total sugar content of lettuce and significantly reduced the nitrate content by 34.6%, which had the effect of improving the quality of lettuce. Both N reduction and biochar raised soil pH, with N60%+BC10 and N60%+BC20 treatments significantly increasing soil pH by 0.48~0.65 units compared with 100N%. Moreover, biochar application under reduction of N conditions had the potential to enhance total soil phosphorus and organic matter content. The application of 20 t/hm2 biochar under the condition of 20% or 40% reduction of chemical fertilizer N directly in combination with the application of biochar could still improve the uptake of N and P by lettuce after one year, which ensured the yield of lettuce as well as improved the quality and refined the soil of the vegetable field. |
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| Keywords: | Soil fertility Field vegetable Biochar Chemical Fertilizer Reduction Nutrient Management |
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