| 有机肥料氮替代部分化肥氮对稻谷产量的影响及替代率 |
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| 引用本文： | 孟琳,张小莉,蒋小芳,王秋君,黄启为,徐阳春,杨兴明,沈其荣.有机肥料氮替代部分化肥氮对稻谷产量的影响及替代率[J].中国农业科学,2009,42(2):532-542. |
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| 作者姓名： | 孟琳 张小莉 蒋小芳 王秋君 黄启为 徐阳春 杨兴明 沈其荣 |
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| 作者单位： | 1. 南京农业大学江苏省固体有机废弃物资源化高技术研究重点实验室,南京,210095;贵州省烟草科学研究所,贵阳,550003
2. 南京农业大学江苏省固体有机废弃物资源化高技术研究重点实验室,南京,210095 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家重点基础研究发展规划(973计划)，农业部引进国际先进农业科学技术计划(948计划) |
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| 摘 要： | 【目的】试图探索出有机肥料氮替代化肥氮的最适替代率，为研制水稻专用有机无机复合肥奠定基础。【方法】试验在江苏省常熟市进行，采用田间试验研究4个氮用量下（0、180、240和270 kg?hm-2）有机肥料氮替代部分化肥氮对水稻（4007和常优1号）产量、氮肥利用率和土壤矿质态氮的影响。【结果】（1）与单施化学氮肥相比，氮用量为180 kg?hm-2并且有机肥料氮的替代率在15%～30%或氮用量为240 kg?hm-2并且有机肥料氮的替代率在10%～20%时，能够显著提高水稻的稻谷产量。两个水稻品种（4007和常优1号）的稻谷产量分别达到8 242～10 187 kg?hm-2和10 048～11 654 kg?hm-2;（2）与单施化肥相比，氮用量在180 kg?hm-2并且有机肥料氮的替代率在15%～30%或氮用量在240 kg?hm-2并且有机肥料氮的替代率在10%～20%时，两个水稻品种的氮素累积量分别为172.6～256.4 kg?hm-2、185.9～235.6 kg?hm-2，显著高于单施化学氮肥处理，此时，氮肥利用率也达最高，分别为36.6%～48.1%、34.3%～40.0%;（3）与单施化学氮肥相比，氮用量在180 kg?hm-2并且有机肥料氮的替代率在15%～30%或者氮用量在240 kg?hm-2并且有机肥料氮的替代率在10%～20%时可以获得较为平稳的氮素供应过程。 【结论】有机肥料氮与化肥氮配施能获得比单施化学氮肥处理更高或持平的稻谷产量并有效地提高水稻的氮肥利用率。
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| 关 键 词： | 有机肥料氮 化肥氮 替代率 水稻产量 |
| 收稿时间： | 2008-4-16 |
Effects of Partial Mineral Nitrogen Substitution by Organic Fertilizer Nitrogen on the Yields of Rice Grains and Their Proper Substitution Rate |
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| MENG Lin,ZHANG Xiao-li,JIANG Xiao-fang,WANG Qiu-jun,HUANG Qi-wei,XU Yang-chun,YANG Xing-ming,SHEN Qi-rong.Effects of Partial Mineral Nitrogen Substitution by Organic Fertilizer Nitrogen on the Yields of Rice Grains and Their Proper Substitution Rate[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2009,42(2):532-542. |
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| Authors: | MENG Lin ZHANG Xiao-li JIANG Xiao-fang WANG Qiu-jun HUANG Qi-wei XU Yang-chun YANG Xing-ming SHEN Qi-rong |
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| Institution: | Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University |
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| Abstract: | 【Objective】Field experiments were carried out to study the optimum substitution of partial mineral-fertilizer- nitrogen (N) by organic-fertilizer-N and to provide a base for the commercial development of mixed organic and mineral fertilizers for rice. 【Method】 Field experiments were done in Changshu city, Jiangsu province under different substitution rates and four N fertilizer rates. 【Result】 Grain yields of 8 242-10 187 kg?hm-2 (4007) and 10 048-11 654 kg?hm-2(Changyou 1) were obtained when 180 kg N?hm-2 was applied with a percentage of organic-fertilizer-N in total N being 15%-30% or 240 kg N?hm-2 with a percentage of organic-fertilizer-N in total N being 10%-20%, which corresponds to application of 1 500-3 000 kg?hm-2 of common compost fertilizer, compared with inorganic nitrogen fertilizer treatment. Compared with inorganic nitrogen fertilizer treatment, a more steady supply of nitrogen could be maintained when certain amounts of organic-fertilizer-N were applied together with inorganic-fertilizer-N. Nitrogen accumulation in 4007 and Changyou 1 were 172.6-256.4 kg?hm-2 and 185.9-235.6 kg?hm-2, respectively, when 180 kg N?hm-2 was applied with a percentage of organic-fertilizer-N in total N being 15%-30% or 240 kg N?hm-2 with a percentage of organic-fertilizer-N in total N being 10%-20%. In these treatments, the highest nitrogen use efficiency was obtained in 4007 (36.6%-48.1%) and Changyou 1 (34.3%-40.0%). 【Conclusion】 Application of mixed mineral-fertilizer-N and organic-fertilizers-N had a better or the same effects on the yields of rice grains and N use efficiency could be significantly increased compared with the single application of mineral nitrogen fertilizer. The best substitution of mineral fertilizer N by organic fertilizer N were 15%-30% or 10%-20% when 180 kg N?hm-2 or 240 kg N?hm-2 was applied in terms of rice fertilization. |
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| Keywords: | organic-fertilizer-N mineral-fertilizer-N substitution rate grain yields |
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