Postharvest conditioning of Satsuma mandarins for reduction of acidity and skin puffiness |
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| Institution: | 1. Fundo de defesa da citricultura (Fundecitrus), Av. Adhemar P. Barros, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil;2. Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Ingeniero Fausto Elio s/n, Valencia, Spain;1. College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, No.61 Daizong Street, Tai’an 271018, Shandong, China;2. State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, No.61 Daizong Street, Tai’an 271018, Shandong, China;3. Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Fruit & Vegetable Production with High Quality and Efficiency, No.61 Daizong Street, Tai’an, 271018, Shandong, China;4. Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research and Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China;1. Department of Crop Science, School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, 3209, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa;2. Department of Horticultural Sciences, School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, 3209, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa;3. Postharvest Technology Research Laboratory, South African Research Chair in Postharvest Technology, Department of Horticultural Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, 7602, South Africa;4. Postharvest Technology Research Laboratory, South African Research Chair in Postharvest Technology, Department of Food Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, 7602, South Africa;1. National R&D Center For Citrus Postharvest Technology, Wuhan 430070, China;2. Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430070, China;3. College of Horticulture & Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;1. Postharvest Technology Research Center, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand;2. Postharvest Technology Innovation Center, Office of the Higher Education Commission, Bangkok 10400, Thailand;3. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand;4. Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand;5. Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand;6. Environmental Science Research Center (ESRC), Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand |
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| Abstract: | Postharvest temperature and relative humidity (RH) treatments were tested for their capacity to increase the soluble solids content:titratable acidity ratio (SSC:TA ratio) and/or reduce skin puffiness of New Zealand grown ‘Miho’ Satsuma mandarin. Fruit of low SSC:TA (approximately 6.8:1) harvested in 2001 and 2002 were held at 18 or 30 °C at low (approximately 65%) or high (>95%) RH for 3 or 5 days, followed by 2 days at 10 °C (88–92% RH). In 2002, an additional treatment of high and low RH at 10 °C was examined. Treatments at 30 °C, irrespective of RH, resulted in increased SSC:TA ratios in the fruit as a result of a decrease in titratable acidity, largely a decrease in citric acid. There was little effect of temperature on SSC and the levels of individual sugars. There was no significant effect of RH on either TA or SSC. The altered metabolism was also seen in an elevated respiratory CO2 output at 30 °C, but a decreased CO2 output once these fruit were transferred to 10 °C, in comparison with fruit treated at lower temperatures.At 30 °C, weight loss was up to 8.5% after 5 days under low RH, but <4% under high RH. Fruit with >4% weight loss tended to have an unacceptable level of dehydration of the skin. After 5 days at 30 °C and low RH, skin puffiness, quantified from magnetic resonance images taken before and after treatment, was reduced, although fruit tended to have soft skin that could be more prone to damage.It is concluded that short high temperature treatments such as 3–5 days at 30 °C can significantly raise the SSC:TA ratio in Satsuma mandarin through a reduction in TA, and conducting these treatments under a RH >90% minimises the risk of excessive weight loss and softening of the skin. |
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