| 基于时间间隔的多路精量排种器性能检测系统设计与试验 |
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| 引用本文： | 丁幼春,王雪玲,廖庆喜,李明.基于时间间隔的多路精量排种器性能检测系统设计与试验[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(7):11-18. |
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| 作者姓名： | 丁幼春 王雪玲 廖庆喜 李明 |
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| 作者单位： | 华中农业大学工学院,武汉,430070 |
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| 基金项目： | National Natural Science Foundation of China (61102156); Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (2013PY033) |
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| 摘 要： | 为了能够准确检测出多路精量排种器的合格指数、漏播指数、重播指数等排种性能指标值，确保精量排种器的排种质量，利用检测排种时间间隔间接获得排种粒距的原理，设计了一种多路精量排种器性能检测系统。系统采用工业触控平板电脑以及MSP430单片机系统构建上下位机结构模式，下位机采用光纤及光电传感器感应获得精量排种器排种及转速脉冲序列信号，利用单片机系统时间扑捉中断资源实时记录种子间隔时间和排种盘转速，经串口握手传输协议将编码后的信息传输至计算机系统。上位机从排种性能指标的结构分布以及排种频率指标两方面对排种数据进行分析并得到各路的合格指数、重播指数、漏播指数等性能指标。验证试验测试表明，所设计的带有校验检错功能的串口通信交互协议能够实现上下位机数据的准确传输，在15~300 r/min转速范围内，该检测系统能够对多路不同排种性能指标值的转盘进行准确检测；在油菜精量排种器性能检测试验台上利用高速摄影系统对比试验表明系统时间检测最大误差为0.876 ms，最大相对平均误差为0.192 ms，检测指标综合误差为0.87%，最大综合误差为3.98%。该研究为“一器多行”集排器的排种性能检测及优化排种器设计提供了参考。
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| 关 键 词： | 机械化 设计 种子 精量排种器 排种性能 时间间隔 多通道 |
| 收稿时间： | 2015/10/12 0:00:00 |
| 修稿时间： | 2016/2/17 0:00:00 |
Design and experiment of performance testing system of multi-channel seed-metering device based on time intervals |
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| Ding Youchun,Wang Xueling,Liao Qingxi and Li Ming.Design and experiment of performance testing system of multi-channel seed-metering device based on time intervals[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2016,32(7):11-18. |
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| Authors: | Ding Youchun Wang Xueling Liao Qingxi and Li Ming |
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| Institution: | College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China,College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China,College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China and College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China |
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| Abstract: | Abstract: Precision metering device is the core component of seed drills, its performance determines the seeding qualities. At present, precision metering device has difficulty achieving a top seeding performance during the working time and avoiding loss sowing. Hence a seeding performance detection system must be innovated for precision seeding device to evaluate seeding performance, especially for multi-channel seeding device of rapeseed. So to be able to detect seeding performance such as normal index, miss index and multiple index accurately for multi-channel precision rapeseed drill, a multi-channel seeding performance detection system has been developed based on seeding time intervals. The system consists of a host computer (industry touch panel computer) and a slave computer (MSP430 MCU) the two-level system. Under the control of the host computer, the slave computer is in charge of collecting the seeding signals produced by a fiber-optic sensor through the time capture interrupts and collecting rotation speed signals produced by a photoelectric sensor through the external interrupt and timer interrupt. These signals were converted into seeding time-interval sequence and rotation-speed sequence respectively. Then the slave computer transmits the sequences to the host computer through the serial port with one designed transmission protocol. The host computer analyzes the sequences and computes the seeding performance indexes such as normal index, miss index and multiple index. On one hand, in order to verify the ability of multi-channel performance detection, tests were tried out by a series of given sequences by plates with different teeth and spacing angles. Seven different of type-A plates with uneven teeth and spacing angles were designed for different and random seeding performance by the fiber-optic sensor producing high and low electrical levels which were converted time-interval sequence by MCU's Time-Capture Interrupt. Type-B plate with 25 even teeth and spacing angles was designed to detect type-A plate rotational speed by the photoelectric sensor, which was installed coaxially with type-A plate on a step-motor. During the test, each plate was tested respectively at different rotation speeds such as 15, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180, 210, 230, 250 and 300 r/min. Tests showed that the protocol with an error recovery of retransmission mechanism made the serial-port communication transmit data accurately and reliably. These seeding performance indexes gotten by performance detection system were the same as theory performance indexes for every type-A plate at every different rotation speeds. At the same time, the multi-channel detection worked well and got the accurate performance indexes. It is easy to obtain conclusion that the performance detection system has the ability to detect the normal index, miss index and multiple index for multi-channel precision metering device. On the other hand, to assess the system detection precision tests were carried out on the JPS-12 test-bed of the pneumatic rapeseed precision metering device by high-speed camera system with setting of 11 000 fps, 320×480 pixels to record the seeding process of precision rapeseed drill at different rotation speeds. Time intervals extracted by counting the frames of two neighboring rapeseeds were compared with the sequence captured by MCU. The test of assessing the system detection precision indicated that: the system's maximum time-interval error is 0.876 ms and maximum average error is 0.192 ms. The composite error of performance indexes is 0.87% and the composite maximum error is 3.98%. The system has realized to detect seeding performance for pneumatic rapeseed precision metering device, and it would provide reference for the performance synchronous detection and optimal design for multi-channel precision metering device. |
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| Keywords: | mechanization design seed precision drill seeding performance time intervals multi-channel detection |
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