Release, movement and recovery of 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP), ammonium, and nitrate from stabilized nitrogen fertilizer granules in a silty clay soil under laboratory conditions |
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| Authors: | F Azam G Benckiser C Müller J Ottow |
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| Institution: | (1) Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), IIAG, 15780 Campus Universitario, Apartado de Correos 122, Santiago de Compostela, Spain e-mail: acea@cesga.es Fax: +34-981-592504, ES |
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| Abstract: | The composition of soil microbiota in four heated (350 °C, 1 h) soils (one Ortic Podsol over sandstone and three Humic Cambisol
over granite, schist or limestone) inoculated (1.5 μg chlorophyll a g–1 soil or 3.0 μg chlorophyll a g–1 soil) with cyanobacteria (Oscillatoria PCC9014, Nostoc PCC9025, Nostoc PCC9104, Scytonema CCC9801, and a mixture of the four) was studied by cultural methods. The aims of the work were to investigate the potential
value of cyanobacteria as biofertilizers for accelerating soil recolonization after fire as well as promoting microbiotic
crust formation and to determine the microbial composition of such a crust. The inoculated cyanobacteria proliferated by 5
logarithmic units in the heated soils which were colonized very quickly and, after 2 months of incubation, the cyanobacterial
filaments and associated fungal hyphae made up a matrix in which surface soil particles were gathered into crusts of up to
1.0 cm in thickness. These crusts were composed, on average, of 2.5×1010 cyanobacteria, 2.8×106 algae, 6.1×1010 heterotrophic bacteria (of which 1.2×108 were acidophilic, 1.3×106 were Bacillus spp. and 1.5×108 were actinomycetes) and 77.8 m fungal mycelium (1.4×106 were fungal propagules) g–1 crust. Counts of most microbial groups were positively correlated to cyanobacterial numbers. The efficacy of treatment depended
on both the class of inoculum and the type of soil. The best inoculum was the mixture of the four strains and, whatever the
inoculum used, the soil over lime showed the most developed crust followed by the soils over schist, granite and sandstone;
however, the latter was comparatively the most favoured by the amendment. In the medium term there were no significant differences
between the two inocula rates used. Biofertilization increased counts of cyanobacteria by 8 logarithmic units while heterotrophic
bacteria, actinomycetes, algae and fungal propagules rose by >4 logarithmic units, acidophilic bacteria and Bacillus spp. by around 3 logarithmic units and fungal mycelia showed an 80-fold increase. The results showed that inoculation of
burned soils with particle-binding diazotrophic cyanobacteria may be a means of both improving crust formation and restoring
microbial populations.
Received: 8 March 2000 |
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| Keywords: | Biofertilizers Crust Inoculation Soil reclamation Fire |
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