| 典型粪污处理模式下规模养猪场农牧结合规模配置研究Ⅱ. 粪污直接厌氧发酵处理模式 |
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| 引用本文： | 盛 婧,孙国峰,郑建初.典型粪污处理模式下规模养猪场农牧结合规模配置研究Ⅱ. 粪污直接厌氧发酵处理模式[J].中国生态农业学报,2015,23(7):886-891. |
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| 作者姓名： | 盛 婧 孙国峰 郑建初 |
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| 作者单位： | 江苏省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所 南京 210014,江苏省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所 南京 210014,江苏省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所 南京 210014 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201203050-2)和国家科技支撑计划项目(2012BAD14B12-2)资助 |
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| 摘 要： | 粪污直接厌氧发酵模式是当前我国畜禽粪污处理的另一种主要模式。研究粪污直接厌氧发酵模式下规模养猪场农牧结合适宜规模配置对于减少畜禽粪便污染、促进畜牧业可持续发展具有重要意义。本研究以存栏万头猪场为例,采用分步逐级计算的方法估算典型粪便处理模式——粪污直接厌氧发酵模式下,规模养猪场废弃物完全消纳的不同种植模式农田匹配面积,并研究了基于作物养分需求的不同种植模式农田畜禽粪便承载量,以期为畜牧业废弃物减排、农牧结合生态模式建立提供理论依据。结果表明:粪污直接厌氧发酵处理模式,以沼渣和沼液全部在农田安全消纳为目标,万头猪场需要配置的最少农田面积分别为粮油作物地272.5~285.4 hm2,或茄果类蔬菜地149.4~188.2 hm2,或果树苗木地599.4~1 248.8 hm2;该模式下粮油作物地、茄果类蔬菜地、果树苗木地每公顷分别可承载35~37头、53~67头、8~17头存栏猪排放粪便的发酵沼渣和沼液。规模养猪场应根据猪养殖数量及其周边农田面积,选择适宜的粪污处理模式及种植作物类型,因地制宜,合理调控。为了确保作物养分需求,所有作物种植模式沼液施用后还需要补充一定量的化肥。本文中9种模式均需补充钾肥,其中,辣椒-黄瓜模式钾肥补充量最高,占其需求量的48.0%;黄瓜-蕃茄模式其次,占其需求量的34.4%;粮油作物、梨和茶叶还需同时补充氮肥,补充量为51.2~193.7 kg·hm-2;茄果类蔬菜、葡萄和桃则需要补充13.8~108.8 kg·hm-2的磷肥。
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| 关 键 词： | 规模养猪场 沼渣 沼液 安全消纳 农牧规模配置 粪污直接厌氧发酵处理模式 |
| 收稿时间： | 2014/12/25 0:00:00 |
| 修稿时间： | 2015/3/30 0:00:00 |
Pig farm-cropland configuration under typical waste treatment mode- A case study of direct anaerobic fermentation of manure |
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| SHENG Jing,SUN Guofeng and ZHENG Jianchu.Pig farm-cropland configuration under typical waste treatment mode- A case study of direct anaerobic fermentation of manure[J].Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture,2015,23(7):886-891. |
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| Authors: | SHENG Jing SUN Guofeng and ZHENG Jianchu |
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| Institution: | Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China,Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China and Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China |
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| Abstract: | Earlier study has focused mainly on the mode of manure treatment of liquid anaerobic fermentation after separation of solid and liquid. Direct anaerobic fermentation of manure is another main mode of current treatment of pig manure in China. Studies on configurations of pig farms and croplands under waste disposal mode of direct anaerobic fermentation of manure are important for reducing pollution from livestock excrement and for promoting sustainable development of animal husbandry. The purpose of this study was to determine optimal farmland area needed for large-scale pig farming so as to provide scientific basis and reference for the establishment of ecological modes for agriculture and animal husbandry. Based on data of proportion of pig population and discharges of nitrogen and phosphorus for different types of swine, rate of nutrient loss during waste treatment and nutrient demands by different crops, the study estimated areas of farmlands matching waste consumption and waste carrying capacities of farmlands with different planting patterns under the typical mode of direct anaerobic fermentation of manure in farm with 10 000 pigs. The results showed that under waste treatment mode of direct anaerobic fermentation of manure, the configuration with 10 000 pig farm needed an farm area of 272.5285.4 hm2 grain/oil crop field, 149.4188.2 hm2 solanaceous vegetable field or 599.41 248.8 hm2 orchard/seedling field for safe disposal of biogas residue and slurry. One hectare of grain/oil crop field, solanaceous vegetable field and orchard/seedlings field were enough for the disposal of biogas residue and slurry produced respectively by 3537 heads, 5367 heads, 817 heads of pig. From the above results, waste treatment patterns and crop types should be rationally determined based on the number of swine bred on a farm and the surrounding farmland area. To ensure the crop nutrient demand was met, there was the need to supplement all crop planting patterns with certain amount of chemical fertilizers after biogas residue and slurry application. Nine patterns of cropping tested in the study needed the application of potassium fertilizer. Among the nine patterns, the potassium supplement for pepper-cucumber pattern was the highest, accounting for 48.0% of potassium demand. Cucumber-tomato pattern was next, accounting for 34.4% of potassium demand. Grain/oil crops and pear and tea fields needed nitrogen 51.2193.7 kg·hm-2 of fertilizer supplement. Solanaceous vegetables, grape and peaches needed 13.8108.8 kg·hm-2 of phosphate fertilizer supplement. |
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| Keywords: | Large-scale pig farm Biogas residue Biogas slurry Safe disposal Crop-pig configuration Direct anaerobic fermentation of manure |
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