| 盐胁迫下吡虫啉对棉田土壤微生物数量及酶活性的影响 |
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| 引用本文： | 张清明,冯瑞芝,,张保华,刘鑫刚,王智.盐胁迫下吡虫啉对棉田土壤微生物数量及酶活性的影响[J].水土保持研究,2014,21(3):25-30. |
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| 作者姓名： | 张清明 冯瑞芝 张保华 刘鑫刚 王智 |
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| 作者单位： | 1. 青岛农业大学 化学与药学院, 山东 青岛 266109;2. 西北农林科技大学 理学院, 陕西 杨凌 712100 |
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| 摘 要： | 应用室内模拟实验的方法研究了盐胁迫下不同浓度吡虫啉对土壤微生物数量和土壤酶活性的影响。结果表明:低浓度（0.4 μg/g）吡虫啉对细菌数量有刺激作用，中浓度（2.0 μg/g）和高浓度（10.0 μg/g）吡虫啉对细菌数量的影响表现为刺激—抑制作用；添加盐时，吡虫啉对细菌生长有促进作用，中、高浓度处理组的细菌数量在后期恢复至对照水平。吡虫啉对放线菌有抑制作用，且浓度越大土壤中放线菌数量越少；添加盐时，吡虫啉对放线菌生长有促进作用，后期逐渐恢复至对照水平。整个实验周期内，两种情况下吡虫啉对土壤真菌影响较小。吡虫啉仅在21 d时对土壤中碱性磷酸酶有一定的激活作用，且与浓度呈现一定的剂量—效应关系；添加盐时，高浓度吡虫啉在整个实验周期内均能刺激碱性磷酸酶活性。低浓度和中浓度吡虫啉对土壤中脲酶有一定的激活作用，高浓度吡虫啉在21 d和28 d时对土壤中脲酶活性表现为抑制作用；添加盐时，吡虫啉对土壤中脲酶活性影响变小，仅在14 d时对脲酶活性有显著的抑制作用。低浓度吡虫啉对β—葡萄糖苷酶活性无显著性影响，中、高浓度处理有显著的抑制作用；添加盐时，吡虫啉对β—葡萄糖苷酶抑制作用消失，反而在14 d时对其有短暂的激活作用。以上结果表明，盐胁迫下吡虫啉（0~10.0 μg/g）对土壤微生物数量和土壤酶活性会有一定的影响，但随着时间的延长会逐渐回复至对照水平。此结果可为盐胁迫下合理使用吡虫啉提供科学依据。
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| 关 键 词： | 盐胁迫 吡虫啉 微生物数量 土壤酶 |
Effects of Imidacloprid on Soil Microbes and Enzyme Activities Under the Salinity Stress |
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| ZHANG Qing-ming,FENG Rui-zhi,,ZHANG Bao-hua,LIU Xin-gang,WANG Zhi.Effects of Imidacloprid on Soil Microbes and Enzyme Activities Under the Salinity Stress[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2014,21(3):25-30. |
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| Authors: | ZHANG Qing-ming FENG Rui-zhi ZHANG Bao-hua LIU Xin-gang WANG Zhi |
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| Institution: | 1. College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qingdao Agriculture University, Qingdao, Shandong 266109, China;2. College of Science, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China |
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| Abstract: | An indoor simulation experiment was carried out to study the effects of imidacloprid on soil microbes and enzyme activities under the stress of salinity. The results showed that the quantity of bacteria increased by the low concentration (0.4 μg/g) of imidacloprid, and the stimulation-inhibition in bacterial quantity was found at the effect of medium (2.0 μg/g) and high concentration (10.0 μg/g) of imidacloprid. Imidacloprid could stimulate the growth of bacteria in soil when 0.3% of salt was added. Compared to the control, the quantity of actinomycete decreased in soil treated with imidacloprid and has a dose effect relationship. It is same as bacteria, imidacloprid also could stimulate the actinomycete when salt was added in soil. There were no obvious changes of fungal quantity at the effects of imidacloprid and salt in the entire experimental period. The activity of alkaline phosphatase was significantly enhanced in soil treated with imidacloprid and showed a statistically dose-dependent relationship on the 21st day. When salt was added in soil, the activity of alkaline phosphatase was always higher than that of control in the entire experimental period. The activity of urease increased in soil treated with low and medium concentration of imidacloprid. The activity of urease decreased in soil treated with high concentration of imidacloprid on the 21st and 28th days. When salt was added in soil, the inhibition of imidacloprid on urease was reduced and the activity of urease was lower than that of control only on the 14th day. Compared to the control, the activity of β-glucosidase increased in soil treated with medium and high concentration of imidacloprid. This inhibition disappeared under the stress of salinity and a temporal stimulation was found on the 14th day. The above results indicated that imidacloprid (0~10.0 μg/g) could affect the soil microbes and enzyme activities under the salinity stress, but this effect will gradually disappear with the extension of time. And these results also offered the scientific basis for the application of imidacloprid. |
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| Keywords: | salinity stress imidacloprid soil enzyme microbial quantity |
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