| 槟榔间作咖啡模式对咖啡光合特性及产量的影响 |
| |
| 引用本文： | 赵少官,董云萍,赵青云,钟壹鸣,化党领,张昂.槟榔间作咖啡模式对咖啡光合特性及产量的影响[J].热带作物学报,2022,43(9):1824-1832. |
| |
| 作者姓名： | 赵少官 董云萍 赵青云 钟壹鸣 化党领 张昂 |
| |
| 作者单位： | 1. 中国热带农业科学院香料饮料研究所/海南省热带香辛饮料作物遗传改良与品质调控重点实验室,海南万宁 5715332. 河南农业大学资源与环境学院,河南郑州 4500033. 云南省董云萍专家工作站,云南普洱 665099 |
| |
| 基金项目： | 海南省自然科学基金青年基金项目(322QN406);海南省自然科学基金高层次人才项目(421RC653) |
| |
| 摘 要： | 为了探明槟榔-咖啡间作槟榔冠层的遮荫度对咖啡叶片的光合特性及其产量的影响,在海南省琼海大陆基地设计3种不同间作模式的大田试验：（1）高密度种植（H）：咖啡、槟榔株行距均为2.5 m×3.0 m;（2）中密度种植（M）：咖啡株行距2.0 m×3.0 m、槟榔4.0 m×3.0 m;（3）低密度种植（L）：咖啡株行距2.0 m×3.0 m、槟榔株行距6.0 m×6.0 m。分别测定不同种植模式处理下土壤理化性质和咖啡植株光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率等光合指标,以及咖啡单株产量,并利用灰色关联度分析评价不同间作模式下叶片光合特性指标和产量,并对其影响因子进行探究。结果表明,在不同间作处理中除低密度种植模式下土壤温度显著低于其他种植模式外,其余指标并无显著差异;相较于M,H和L叶片的净光合速率和气孔导度分别降低了0.06~0.97 μmol/(m2·s)、0.49~0.97 μmol/(m2·s)和0~0.04 mol/(m2·s)、0.01~ 0.08 mol/(m2·s)。M叶片的蒸腾速率年变化除了夏季低于H 0.11 mmol/(m2·s)左右,高于L 0.47 mmol/(m2·s)左右。其他时期M曲线分别高出H和L 0.33~0.78 mmol/(m2·s)、0.17~0.92 mmol/(m2·s)。在水分利用率方面3种种植模式之间全年变化较为复杂,没有明显的差异性。其中咖啡叶片的气孔导度和蒸腾速率指标响应于种植模式;中密度种植处理下的咖啡单株鲜果产量相较于高、低密度种植处理分别增产19.41%和18.69%,咖啡单位面积产量方面显著增产50.62%和41.67%。通过灰色关联度分析发现,中密度种植模式表现较好,在咖啡不同生长时期等权关联度和加权关联度位次均为第一。以上结果表明,在槟榔-咖啡间作体系中,适当密植咖啡以及增加槟榔行间距有助于提高咖啡总产量,在实际生产过程中建议推行中密度间作的种植模式,可以有效地提升间作模式的综合优势,提高土地单位面积的收益。
|
| 关 键 词： | 复合栽培 光合速率 蒸腾速率 水分利用效率 灰色关联度分析 |
| 收稿时间： | 2021-12-20 |
Production and Photosynthetic Characteristics of Interspecific Coffee under Different Intercropping Patterns of Areca catechu L. and Coffea canephora Reyan No. 1 |
| |
| ZHAO Shaoguan,DONG Yunping,ZHAO Qingyun,ZHONG Yiming,HUA Dangling,ZHANG Ang.Production and Photosynthetic Characteristics of Interspecific Coffee under Different Intercropping Patterns of Areca catechu L. and Coffea canephora Reyan No. 1[J].Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops,2022,43(9):1824-1832. |
| |
| Authors: | ZHAO Shaoguan DONG Yunping ZHAO Qingyun ZHONG Yiming HUA Dangling ZHANG Ang |
| |
| Institution: | 1. Spice and Beverage Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences / Hainan Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Quality Control of Tropical Sweet and spicy Beverage Crops, Wanning, Hainan 571533, China2. College of Resources and Environment, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, China3. Yunnan Province Dong Yunping Expert Workstation, Pu’er, Yunnan 665099, China |
| |
| Abstract: | In order to figure out the effects of various shade degrees of areca catechu canopy on the photosynthetic characteristics of coffee leaves and the yield at different planting densities in the betel nut-coffee intercropping system, we designed three different intercropping patterns in Qionghai, Hainan based on the diverse effectiveness of areca catechu canopy on the lower plant coffee. The patterns included high-density planting (H): row spacing of coffee and areca catechu was 2.5 m×3.0 m, medium density planting (M): coffee plant spacing 2.0 m×3.0 m, areca nut 4.0 m×3.0 m and low-density planting (L): coffee plant spacing 2.0 m×3.0 m, areca plant spacing 6.0 m×6.0 m. Four photosynthetic indicators including net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs), transpiration rate (Tr), and water use efficiency (WUE) of coffee plants, soil physical and chemical properties under different cropping patterns were investigated. The yield of coffee plants was also measured. Finally, the photosynthetic characteristics and yield of the leaves under different cropping patterns were evaluated by grey correlation analysis, meanwhile, the impact factors were also further explored. The results demonstrated that there was no significant difference in soil temperature except that the soil temperature at low-density cropping pattern was notably lower than that under other cropping patterns. Therefore, it could be summarized as followed: stomatal conductance and transpiration rate indicators in coffee leave varied with cropping pattern, simultaneously, the four photosynthetic indicators fluctuated due to the season. The redundancy analysis showed that the air temperature and soil bulk density contributed the most to the photosynthetic characteristics in the seven environmental factors. Moreover, the two kinds of environmental factors appeared to be a significantly negative relation with the four photosynthetic indices.The net photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance of H and L decreased by 0.06?0.97 μmol/(m2·s) and 0.49?0.97 μmol/(m2·s), 0?0.04 mol/(m2·s) and 0.01?0.08 mol/(m2·s), respectively compared with M. Furthermore, the annual change of transpiration rate in M leaves was lower than 0.11 mmol/(m2·s) in H and higher than 0.47 mmol/(m2·s) in L in summer. In contrast, the M curve was 0.33?0.78 mmol/(m2·s) and 0.17? 0.92 mmol/(m2·s) higher than H and L respectively in other periods. Subsequently, there was no obvious difference among the whole year of three planting patterns in moisture utilization. The fresh fruit yield per plant under medium density planting increased 19.41% and 18.69% respectively and the coffee yield per unit area significantly increased 50.62% and 41.67% respectively compared with high and low-density planting. Based on grey correlation degree analysis, the medium-density planting pattern performed better, ranking first in equal weight correlation degree and weighted correlation degree in different growth stages of coffee. The above results indicated that proper dense planting of coffee and increasing row spacing of areca in the areca-coffee intercropping system could improve the total production of coffee, especially for the medium density intercropping pattern in actual production, which could effectively improve the comprehensive advantages of the intercropping pattern and enhance the income per unit area of land. |
| |
| Keywords: | compound cultivation photosynthesis transpiration rate water use efficiency grey correlation analysis |
|
| 点击此处可从《热带作物学报》浏览原始摘要信息 |
| 点击此处可从《热带作物学报》下载免费的PDF全文 |
|
