| 簕杜鹃种质资源表型性状的遗传多样性分析 |
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| 引用本文： | 沈甲诚,焦越佳,张可可,何穗华,金雨晴.簕杜鹃种质资源表型性状的遗传多样性分析[J].热带作物学报,2022,43(9):1801-1811. |
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| 作者姓名： | 沈甲诚 焦越佳 张可可 何穗华 金雨晴 |
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| 作者单位： | 深圳市农科集团有限公司,广东深圳 518000 |
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| 基金项目： | 深圳市城市管理和综合执法局科研项目(202016) |
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| 摘 要： | 为深入研究簕杜鹃种质资源的遗传多样性和后期簕杜鹃种质资源的创制与利用提供参考,本研究对国内外收集的100份簕杜鹃种质资源的9个数量性状和19个质量性状进行测定与评价,利用相关性分析、主成分分析和聚类分析等方法,探讨其种质资源表型性状的遗传多样性。结果表明,在测定的19个质量性状中共检测到78个变异类型,28个表型性状的遗传多样性指数在0.61~2.06之间,9个数量性状的变异系数为12.38%~37.68%,以花序梗长度的变异系数最大（37.68%）。相关性分析结果表明性状之间关系复杂,大部分性状之间呈现显著相关性,其中叶片大小与苞片大小呈极显著正相关。通过主成分分析将簕杜鹃28个表型性状转化成9个主成分因子,累计贡献率达到70.42%,其中叶片长度、叶片宽度、苞片长度、苞片宽度、花冠直径、花被管长度、叶节间长度、花被管形状、株型等是造成簕杜鹃种质资源表型性状差异的主要因素。聚类分析可将100份簕杜鹃种质资源分为6类,其中第一类群包含7份簕杜鹃种质资源,该类群品种多为重瓣品种,具有较高的观赏价值,但后期苞片宿存,影响观赏性。第二类包含16份簕杜鹃种质资源,叶片大小中等,形状多为椭圆形,苞片形状以卵形为主。第三类包含10份簕杜鹃品种,该类群簕杜鹃品种苞片先端性状为渐尖,基部形状为心形,叶面多稍微上捧。第四类包含18份材料,该类群品种叶片中等,叶柄较短,苞片形态为阔椭圆形。第五类群包含8份簕杜鹃品种,该类群簕杜鹃品种苞片形状特异,叶柄短小,叶节间短缩,其中“塔类”系列簕杜鹃品种,整体形似宝塔,观赏价值较高。第六类包含41份材料,其中在欧式距离为17时,可将第六类群分为4个亚群,第1亚群仅包含1个品种,第2亚群簕杜鹃品种叶片多含有次色,第3亚群叶片较大,第4亚群叶片主要以卵形为主,叶面光滑无毛,苞片主要以卵形为主,花被管性状以纤细和中部收缩为主。本研究明确了不同簕杜鹃种质资源的农艺性状的特异性和遗传多样性,筛选具有特异性状的簕杜鹃种质资源,为簕杜鹃新品种的选育提供理论基础。
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| 关 键 词： | 簕杜鹃 表型性状 遗传多样性分析 |
| 收稿时间： | 2021-12-30 |
Analysis of Genetic Diversity of Phenotypic Traits of Bougainvillea Germplasm Resources |
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| SHEN Jiacheng,JIAO Yuejia,ZHANG Keke,HE Suihua,JIN Yuqing.Analysis of Genetic Diversity of Phenotypic Traits of Bougainvillea Germplasm Resources[J].Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops,2022,43(9):1801-1811. |
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| Authors: | SHEN Jiacheng JIAO Yuejia ZHANG Keke HE Suihua JIN Yuqing |
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| Institution: | Shenzhen Nongke Group Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, Guandong 518000, China |
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| Abstract: | In order to provide a reference for the in-depth study of the genetic diversity and the creation and utilization of Bougainvillea germplasm resources in the later period, this study analyzed 9 quantitative characters and 19 qualitative characters of 100 Bougainvillea germplasm resources collected at home and abroad. The determination and evaluation were carried out, and the genetic diversity of the phenotypic traits was discussed by means of correlation analysis, principal component analysis and cluster analysis. The results showed that a total of 78 types of variation were detected in the 19 qualitative traits, the genetic diversity index of 28 phenotypic traits was between 0.61-2.06, and the coefficient of variation of 9 quantitative traits was 12.38%-37.68%. The coefficient of variation of peduncle length was the largest (37.68%). The results of correlation analysis showed that the relationship between the traits was complex, and most of the traits showed significant correlation, among which the size of leaf and bract traits had a very significant positive correlation. Through principal component analysis, 28 phenotypic traits of Rhododendron Bougainvillea were transformed into 9 principal component factors, and the cumulative contribution rate reached 70.42%, including leaf length, leaf width, bract length, bract width, corolla diameter, perianth tube length, leaf internode length, perianth tube shape, plant type, are the main factors that cause the differences in phenotypic traits of Rhododendron bougainvillea germplasm resources. Cluster analysis could divide the 100 germplasm resources into 6 categories, of which the first group contained 7 Bougainvillea germplasm resources. Most of the varieties in this group were double-lobed, which have high ornamental value, but the later bracts are of high ornamental value. The second category contained 16 germplasm resources. The leaves were medium in size, mostly oval in shape, and the bracts were mainly oval in shape. The third category included 10 germplasm resources. The bracts of the group were acuminate at the apex, heart-shaped at the base, and the leaves were mostly held up slightly. The fourth group contained 18 materials. The leaves of this group were medium, the petiole was short, and the bracts were broad and oval. The fifth group included 8 germplasm resources. The group had a specific shape of bracts, short petioles, and shortened internodes. Among them, the ‘Ta-like’ series of germplasm resources had an overall shape like a pagoda and were of high ornamental value. The sixth group contained 41 materials. When the Euclidean distance was 17, the sixth group could be divided into 4 subgroups. The first subgroup contained only one germplasm resource, and the second subgroup contained mostly secondary color leaves of Rhododendron species. The leaves of the third subgroup were larger, the leaves of the fourth subgroup were mainly ovate, the leaf surface was smooth and glabrous, the bracts were mainly oval, and the tectonic tubes were slender and centrally contracted. The leaves of the group were medium, the tips of the leaves were mostly acuminate and acute, and the bracts were mainly oval. This study clarified the specificity and genetic diversity of agronomic traits of different Bougainvillea germplasm resources, and selected Bougainvillea germplasm resources with specific traits to provide a theoretical basis for the selection and breeding of new Bougainvillea varieties. |
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| Keywords: | Bougainvillea phenotypic trait genetic diversity analysis |
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