| 氮肥后移对花生氮代谢相关酶活性、氮素利用效率及产量的影响 |
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| 引用本文： | 姚瑞,赵凯能,谢畅,宋海玲,徐爽,于海秋,张正,王婧,蒋春姬,赵姝丽,王晓光.氮肥后移对花生氮代谢相关酶活性、氮素利用效率及产量的影响[J].中国油料作物学报,2022,44(4):877. |
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| 作者姓名： | 姚瑞 赵凯能 谢畅 宋海玲 徐爽 于海秋 张正 王婧 蒋春姬 赵姝丽 王晓光 |
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| 作者单位： | 1.沈阳农业大学农学院，辽宁 沈阳，1108662.山东省农业科学院，山东 济南，250100 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家重点研发计划(2020YFD1000905);辽宁省中央引导地方科技发展专项(2018010035-201);辽宁省教育厅自然科学类地方服务项目(LSNFW201907) |
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| 摘 要： | 本研究以农花5号为试材，在施氮肥总量一致的条件下，设3个不同施用时期处理：基施氮肥135 kg·hm-2（T1）、基施氮肥67.5 kg·hm-2+苗期追肥67.5 kg·hm-2（T2）、基施氮肥45 kg·hm-2＋苗期和开花下针期分别追肥45 kg·hm-2（T3）、以不施氮肥CK为对照，研究氮肥后移对花生叶片氮代谢相关酶活性、氮素积累量与利用效率、产量及其构成因素的影响。试验结果表明，不同施氮时期处理下，氮代谢相关酶活性和氮素积累量的变化趋势大致相同，但活性和含量的高低因施氮时期的不同发生变化。T3处理能显著提高花生生育后期叶片的硝酸还原酶、谷氨酰胺合成酶和谷氨酸脱氢酶的活性；花生生育后期植株总氮素积累量、根系和荚果氮素积累量以T3处理最高，但各施肥处理间差异不显著；氮肥农学利用率和氮肥偏生产力亦以T3处理最高，且差异达到显著水平（P＜0.05）；T3处理产量最高，为5361.11 kg·hm-2，比CK 、T1和T2处理分别增产20.79%、3.27%和5.66%。从产量构成因素分析，T3处理产量的提高主要依赖于花生的单株果重和饱果率的提高。
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| 关 键 词： | 花生 氮肥后移 氮代谢酶 氮素利用率 产量 |
| 收稿时间： | 2021-06-08 |
Effects of postponing nitrogen application on nitrogen enzyme activities,nitrogen utilization efficiency and yield in peanut |
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| Rui YAO,Kai-neng ZHAO,Chang XIE,Hai-ling SONG,Shuang XU,Hai-qiu YU,Zheng ZHANG,Jing WANG,Chun-ji JIANG,Shu-li ZHAO,Xiao-guang WANG.Effects of postponing nitrogen application on nitrogen enzyme activities,nitrogen utilization efficiency and yield in peanut[J].Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences,2022,44(4):877. |
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| Authors: | Rui YAO Kai-neng ZHAO Chang XIE Hai-ling SONG Shuang XU Hai-qiu YU Zheng ZHANG Jing WANG Chun-ji JIANG Shu-li ZHAO Xiao-guang WANG |
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| Institution: | 1.College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China2.Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China |
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| Abstract: | In order to investigate the effect of nitrogen fertilizer on enzymes activities relating to nitrogen metabolism, nitrogen accumulation and utilization efficiency, yield and its components, Nonghua 5 was used, taking no nitrogen fertilizer as control, three different application periods were set with equal total amount nitrogen fertilizer, including N 135 kg·hm-2, applied as basal fertilizer （T1）, N 67.5 kg·hm-2, applied as basal fertilizer and as the topdressing fertilize in seedling stage respectively （T2）, N 45 kg·hm-2, applied as basal fertilizer and as the topdressing fertilize in seedling and flowering stages respectively （T3）. The results showed that under different nitrogen application periods, the same trends of nitrogen metabolism-related enzyme activities and nitrogen accumulation were observed, while the level of activity and content had varied. T3 treatment had significantly increased the activities of nitrate reductase, glutamine synthetase and glutamate dehydrogenase in leaves of the later growth stage of peanut. Similarly, the total nitrogen content of plant, root and pod nitrogen accumulation in T3 treatment was the highest, but there was no significant difference among different fertilization treatments. Agronomic utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer and partial productivity of nitrogen fertilizer of peanut were peaked in the T3 treatment, whilst there was significant difference among the fertilization treatments. The highest yield was in T3 at 5361.11 kg·hm-2, which was 20.79%, 3.27% and 5.66% higher than CK, T1 and T2 treatments, respectively. From the analysis of yield components, the yield increase of T3 treatment was mainly dependent on the increase of fruit weight per plant and satiation rate of peanut. |
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| Keywords: | peanut postponing nitrogen application nitrogen metabolism enzyme nitrogen use efficiency yield |
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